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Questions and Answers
Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?
RNA is a double-stranded helix.
RNA is a double-stranded helix.
False
What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
To store genetic information
During __________, mRNA is synthesized from the DNA template.
During __________, mRNA is synthesized from the DNA template.
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Match the types of RNA with their respective functions:
Match the types of RNA with their respective functions:
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Which of the following correctly describes RNA?
Which of the following correctly describes RNA?
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Nucleotide is composed of only a sugar and a nitrogen-containing base.
Nucleotide is composed of only a sugar and a nitrogen-containing base.
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In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with __________ instead of thymine (T).
In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with __________ instead of thymine (T).
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Match each type of RNA with its primary function:
Match each type of RNA with its primary function:
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Which of the following is a benefit of sexual reproduction?
Which of the following is a benefit of sexual reproduction?
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In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to their parent.
In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to their parent.
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What is the main experiment Gregor Mendel is known for?
What is the main experiment Gregor Mendel is known for?
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Mendelian patterns of inheritance do not apply to traits that are __________, __________, or __________.
Mendelian patterns of inheritance do not apply to traits that are __________, __________, or __________.
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Match the type of reproduction with its characteristic:
Match the type of reproduction with its characteristic:
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What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?
What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?
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Missense mutations occur when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence.
Missense mutations occur when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence.
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How many chromosomes are present in human sex cells?
How many chromosomes are present in human sex cells?
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A ___ is a special tool used to predict the offspring from a genetic cross.
A ___ is a special tool used to predict the offspring from a genetic cross.
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Match the following traits with their descriptions:
Match the following traits with their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes autosomes?
Which of the following best describes autosomes?
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Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led him to discover that traits are controlled by single genes.
Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led him to discover that traits are controlled by single genes.
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Define genotype.
Define genotype.
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What is a clade?
What is a clade?
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Fossils are primarily found in igneous rock layers.
Fossils are primarily found in igneous rock layers.
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Name one method used to determine the age of fossils.
Name one method used to determine the age of fossils.
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The _____ method involves measuring the amount of radioactive decay to determine the age of a fossil.
The _____ method involves measuring the amount of radioactive decay to determine the age of a fossil.
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Match the following methods of determining fossil age with their descriptions:
Match the following methods of determining fossil age with their descriptions:
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Who is credited with laying the foundation of modern genetics?
Who is credited with laying the foundation of modern genetics?
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The Law of Segregation states that genes for different traits are inherited independently.
The Law of Segregation states that genes for different traits are inherited independently.
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What is a Punnett Square used for?
What is a Punnett Square used for?
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Mendel's experiments showed that traits do not affect other traits, such as ____.
Mendel's experiments showed that traits do not affect other traits, such as ____.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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If a dominant allele is represented as 'D' and a recessive allele as 'R', what is the genotype of a heterozygous plant?
If a dominant allele is represented as 'D' and a recessive allele as 'R', what is the genotype of a heterozygous plant?
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In the example D/R mix x D/R mix, the expected offspring genotype ratio is 1:2:1.
In the example D/R mix x D/R mix, the expected offspring genotype ratio is 1:2:1.
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Describe the process of creating a Punnett Square.
Describe the process of creating a Punnett Square.
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The ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in a dominant x recessive cross is __.
The ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in a dominant x recessive cross is __.
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What type of trait does a homozygous dominant plant carry?
What type of trait does a homozygous dominant plant carry?
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Study Notes
Unit 1: Central Dogma
- DNA is the blueprint of all life, storing genetic information that determines traits
- DNA is a double helix structure composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases (codons)
- Nitrogenous bases pair: adenine (A) with thymine (T), guanine (G) with cytosine (C)
- RNA is crucial for protein synthesis within the central dogma
- RNA is single-stranded, smaller in size than DNA, and uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
- Three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
- mRNA carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis
- Ribosomes build proteins by following instructions carried by mRNA
- Gene expression involves turning some genes on to make proteins, while others are off
Unit 2: Bioengineering
- DNA replication is vital for growth, repair, and reproduction
- DNA replication ensures accurate genetic information transfer to new cells
- Enzymes, like helicase and DNA polymerase, play roles in this process
- Mutations are alterations to the DNA sequence, and can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial
- Mutations can occur through substitution, insertion, deletion in the nucleotides
- Mutations can affect the creation of new proteins
- Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; 2 chromosomes in each pair
- A karyotype is a picture of all chromosomes, used to detect genetic disorders or sex
Unit 3 Inheritance
- Asexual reproduction creates identical offspring, limiting genetic diversity
- Sexual reproduction introduces genetic diversity from two parents
- Mendel's experiments with pea plants established the foundation for modern genetics
- Dominant traits mask recessive traits; each individual has 2 versions of a trait (alleles)
- Punnett squares predict possible offspring traits in a given mating
- Different traits are inherited independently
- Types of inheritance patterns include codominance and incomplete dominance, polygenic traits do not adhere to simple Mendelian patterns
Unit 4: Evolution
- Fossils provide record of evolutionary history; they are primarily found in sedimentary rock layers
- Relative dating uses rock layers to estimate ages, while absolute dating uses radioactive decay
- Fossil records and the geologic time scale offer information about organism existence over time
- Natural selection favors organisms that are best suited to their environment, leading to adaptations
- Comparative anatomy examines similarities between organism structures to understand evolutionary relationships
- Embryology and development show evolutionary development in organisms.
- Species distribution displays how species are geographically located, which helps evaluate evolutionary relationships
- Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, displayed using cladograms that show ancestry
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Description
Test your knowledge on DNA, RNA, and reproduction topics from biology. Explore key concepts, including base pairing, types of RNA, and the principles of Mendelian inheritance. This quiz will challenge your understanding of both sexual and asexual reproduction as well as genetic mutations.
