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Questions and Answers
What is the process of particles moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration called?
What is the process of particles moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration called?
Which factor affects the rate of diffusion by increasing the kinetic energy of molecules?
Which factor affects the rate of diffusion by increasing the kinetic energy of molecules?
What is the term for the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy?
What is the term for the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy?
How does the size of molecules influence the rate of diffusion?
How does the size of molecules influence the rate of diffusion?
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What role do carrier proteins play in active transport?
What role do carrier proteins play in active transport?
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Which of the following factors is NOT associated with increasing the rate of diffusion?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with increasing the rate of diffusion?
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What effect does stirring have on the rate of diffusion?
What effect does stirring have on the rate of diffusion?
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The number of mitochondria affects which process crucial for active transport?
The number of mitochondria affects which process crucial for active transport?
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Increasing the concentration of which gas helps to enhance the rate of active uptake?
Increasing the concentration of which gas helps to enhance the rate of active uptake?
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What happens to the rate of diffusion when the surface area to volume ratio increases?
What happens to the rate of diffusion when the surface area to volume ratio increases?
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What is meant by moving 'against a concentration gradient'?
What is meant by moving 'against a concentration gradient'?
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How does distance affect the rate of diffusion?
How does distance affect the rate of diffusion?
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Which factor is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion?
Which factor is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion?
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What effect does the number of carrier proteins in the membrane have on active uptake?
What effect does the number of carrier proteins in the membrane have on active uptake?
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Which process primarily provides the energy needed for active transport?
Which process primarily provides the energy needed for active transport?
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Study Notes
Diffusion
- Definition: The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient due to their random movement.
- Down a concentration gradient: Higher concentration to lower concentration.
- Against a concentration gradient: Lower concentration to higher concentration.
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Reasons for diffusion:
- Random movement of molecules provides energy for diffusion.
- Difference in concentration of a substance.
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion (TADS):
- Temperature: Increased temperature increases the rate of diffusion as kinetic energy of molecules increases.
- Distance of diffusion: Longer distance, longer time for diffusion.
- Air currents: Currents in the same direction as diffusion increase the rate of diffusion.
- Stirring: Increases the rate of diffusion by increasing kinetic energy of molecules.
- Size of molecules: Smaller molecules diffuse faster.
- Surface area to volume ratio: Larger surface area to volume ratio, faster diffusion rate.
Active Transport
- Definition: The movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration.
- Uses carrier proteins: Specific proteins embedded in cell membranes that bind to and transport particles.
- Energy source: Energy released during respiration.
Factors affecting active transport:
- Number of mitochondria: More mitochondria means more energy for active transport.
- Concentration of oxygen: Higher oxygen concentration increases the rate of aerobic respiration, providing more energy for active transport.
- Number of carrier proteins in the membrane: More carrier proteins mean a greater capacity for active transport.
Diffusion
- Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is down a concentration gradient.
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Factors affecting diffusion:
- Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion due to increased kinetic energy of molecules.
- Distance: Longer distances mean longer diffusion times.
- Air currents: Currents in the same direction as diffusion increase the rate.
- Stirring: Increases kinetic energy leading to faster rates of diffusion.
- Size of molecules: Larger molecules diffuse slower (inversely proportional).
- Surface area to volume ratio: Larger surface area to volume ratios lead to faster rates of diffusion (directly proportional).
Active Transport
- Movement of particles against a concentration gradient (low to high concentration).
- This process requires energy released during respiration.
- It is facilitated by carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane.
- Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules, ensuring specificity in transport.
Factors Affecting Active Uptake
- Number of mitochondria: More mitochondria lead to increased rates of active transport because mitochondria are responsible for aerobic respiration, which generates energy needed.
- Concentration of oxygen: Higher oxygen concentration increases the rate of aerobic respiration, providing more energy for active transport.
- Number of carrier proteins: More carrier proteins mean a higher capacity for active transport.
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Description
Test your understanding of the diffusion process with this quiz focused on its definition, factors affecting the rate, and principles governing the movement of particles. Explore concepts such as concentration gradients, temperature effects, and the impact of molecular size. Perfect for students studying biology at any level.
