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Questions and Answers
What type of cells have membrane-bound organelles and a well-defined nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells contain multiple chromosomes.
False
What is the role of the nucleus in cellular reproduction?
The nucleus plays a central role in cellular reproduction.
The fluid content inside the plasma membrane is called __________.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Who discovered the cell in 1665?
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The nucleus of a cell is also known as the brain of the cell.
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What is the process of water movement through a selectively permeable membrane called?
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A solution that has a lower water concentration than the cell is known as a __________ solution.
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Which of the following is NOT true about the plasma membrane?
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Match each term with its definition:
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What composes the plant cell wall?
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Osmosis occurs in all types of solutions regardless of their water concentration.
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Study Notes
Cell Basics
- The smallest functional unit of life is a cell, identified by Robert Hooke in 1665.
- Cells can independently perform all necessary life functions.
Plasma/Cell Membrane
- The plasma membrane is the outer covering that separates the cell's contents from the external environment.
- It is a selectively permeable membrane, allowing only certain materials to pass.
- Substances like CO2 and O2 can move across via diffusion.
- Osmosis refers to the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration areas.
- Hypotonic solutions have higher water concentration than the cell, leading to water uptake.
- Isotonic solutions have equal water concentration, resulting in no net movement of water.
- Hypertonic solutions have lower water concentration, causing water loss from the cell.
- The membrane is flexible, made of lipids and proteins, allowing processes like endocytosis, observed in organisms like Amoeba.
Cell Wall
- Plant cells possess a rigid outer covering called the cell wall, made primarily of cellulose.
- The cell wall provides additional protection and support beyond the plasma membrane.
Nucleus
- The nucleus is the cell's control center, surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane with pores for material transfer.
- Contains chromosomes visible during cell division, comprising DNA and proteins.
- Chromosomes hold genetic information (genes) for inheritance.
- The nucleus is crucial for cellular reproduction.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, have no nuclear membrane, with their nuclear material called nucleoid; they possess a single chromosome.
- Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, containing multiple chromosomes.
Cytoplasm and Cell Organelles
- Cytoplasm is the fluid inside the plasma membrane, housing specialized organelles.
- Cell organelles are membrane-bound components that perform distinct functions within the cell.
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Description
Explore the fundamental unit of life: the cell. This quiz covers the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke and the structure and function of the plasma membrane, including its selective permeability. Test your understanding of cellular concepts essential for all biological studies.
