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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
- To provide energy for cellular processes
- To regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell (correct)
- To synthesize proteins
- To store genetic information
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
- Chloroplasts (correct)
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Golgi apparatus
What structure enables plant cells to withstand hypotonic environments without bursting?
What structure enables plant cells to withstand hypotonic environments without bursting?
- Nucleus
- Central vacuole
- Plasma membrane
- Cell wall (correct)
How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Which type of plastid is primarily responsible for storage in plant cells?
Which type of plastid is primarily responsible for storage in plant cells?
What would most likely happen if the Golgi apparatus were not present in a cell?
What would most likely happen if the Golgi apparatus were not present in a cell?
What is the purpose of the large central vacuole in plant cells?
What is the purpose of the large central vacuole in plant cells?
What property of the plasma membrane allows it to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
What property of the plasma membrane allows it to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
Which of the following correctly describes the cell wall of plant cells?
Which of the following correctly describes the cell wall of plant cells?
What happens to plant cells placed in a hypotonic solution?
What happens to plant cells placed in a hypotonic solution?
Which part of the cell does not absorb water by osmosis when it is dead?
Which part of the cell does not absorb water by osmosis when it is dead?
In what way does the cell wall help plant cells in a dilute environment?
In what way does the cell wall help plant cells in a dilute environment?
Which of the following substances is capable of moving through a selectively permeable plasma membrane?
Which of the following substances is capable of moving through a selectively permeable plasma membrane?
What is the effect of placing an onion peel in iodine solution during observation?
What is the effect of placing an onion peel in iodine solution during observation?
Why is the ability to absorb water through osmosis crucial for living cells?
Why is the ability to absorb water through osmosis crucial for living cells?
What occurs when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?
What occurs when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Which of the following accurately describes osmosis?
Which of the following accurately describes osmosis?
What role does the plasma membrane play in a cell?
What role does the plasma membrane play in a cell?
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
What does endocytosis allow a cell to do?
What does endocytosis allow a cell to do?
Why do unicellular freshwater organisms tend to gain water?
Why do unicellular freshwater organisms tend to gain water?
Which type of transport requires energy for molecules to move in and out of the cell?
Which type of transport requires energy for molecules to move in and out of the cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Plasma membrane composed of lipids and proteins encloses all cells, regulating material movement between the cell and its environment.
- In plant cells, a protective cell wall made mainly of cellulose supports the cell and prevents bursting in hypotonic solutions.
- Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus, which is encased in a double-layered membrane and regulates cell life processes.
Organelles and Their Functions
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as an intracellular transport passage and a manufacturing site for proteins and lipids.
- The Golgi apparatus comprises stacks of membrane-bound vesicles responsible for storing, modifying, and packaging substances manufactured by the cell.
- Plant cells typically contain plastids, including:
- Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
- Leucoplasts: Primarily function in storage of nutrients.
Vacuoles and Prokaryotes
- Most mature plant cells contain a large central vacuole that maintains turgidity and stores essential substances, including waste.
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, have smaller ribosomes, and their chromosomes consist only of nucleic acid.
Osmosis and Selective Permeability
- The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, facilitating specific movement of substances like water and CO2 across the membrane.
- Osmosis allows water to enter or exit cells based on external solute concentration, affecting cell size and pressure.
- In isotonic solutions, water movement into and out of the cell is balanced.
- Hypotonic solutions lead to cells gaining water and increasing pressure against the cell wall.
- Hypertonic solutions result in water loss, causing cell shrinkage.
Importance of the Plasma Membrane
- The membrane’s flexibility allows for processes like endocytosis, where the cell engulfs food and other materials from the environment.
- Electron microscopy provides detailed insight into the structure of the plasma membrane, which consists of organic molecules essential for its function.
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