Biology Chapter on Cell Division

<p>G2 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells grow and produce organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of structures for cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is a form of asexual reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It restores the diploid chromosome number. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication of chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replicated chromosomes that have the same alleles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis reduces the chromosome number to haploid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain different alleles for the same genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To replace damaged or old cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic DNA is a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic DNA is organized into multiple linear chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is copied to create two identical strands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centromere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In pairs arranged by size in a karyotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help compact DNA into chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>46 chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetrads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologs separate and move to opposite poles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous chromosomes condense and form tetrads. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fragments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One homolog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent assortment and crossing-over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Karyokinesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetochore fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nuclear envelope forms around the sister chromatids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Division of the cell's cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are smaller than the parent cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are separated and pulled towards opposite poles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sister chromatids may carry non-identical genetic information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four genetically different haploid cells are produced. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They result from unequal division of cytoplasm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>250,000,000 sperm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gametes have one allele of each gene. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oogenesis creates only one viable gamete. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 division in mitosis, 2 in meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are haploid, containing one copy of each chromosome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process where new cells are created from existing cells for growth and repair.

The copying of DNA before cell division to ensure each new cell has a complete set of instructions.

A highly organized structure of DNA that carries genetic information.

A single, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria.

Thread-like structures of DNA in cells with a nucleus; humans have 46.

One of the two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome.

A visual representation of an organism's chromosomes.

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

A type of reproduction where a single cell divides to create two identical daughter cells.

A type of asexual reproduction where a prokaryotic cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

The series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, DNA replicates, and prepares for division. It is made from G1, S, and G2 stages.

The first growth stage of interphase. The cell builds up cytoplasm and organelles.

The synthesis stage of interphase, where DNA replicates.

The second growth stage of interphase. The cell makes structures needed for division.

A type of reproduction that involves two cells (egg and sperm) joining to create a new cell (zygote)

The division of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell into two identical nuclei, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

The process of nuclear division in mitosis, where the chromosomes are separated into two equal sets.

The first stage of mitosis, where chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.

The second stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the equator of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.

The third stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, the spindle fibers disappear, and the cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis).

The division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells, following mitosis.

Two identical daughter cells produced by mitosis. They have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but are smaller in size.

Microtubules that form the mitotic spindle, which attach to chromosomes during mitosis and pull them apart.

The process where two haploid gametes (sperm and egg) fuse together to form a diploid zygote. This is the start of a new organism.

Sex cells (sperm and egg) that contain only one set of chromosomes (1n). They are produced through meiosis in specialized cells.

The first cell of a new organism formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes. It has two sets of chromosomes (2n), one from each parent.

The process of copying a chromosome before cell division. This ensures that each new cell gets a complete set of genetic information.

Two identical copies of a replicated chromosome, held together by a centromere. They separate during cell division.

The first division of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, leading to genetic diversity in offspring.

The second division of meiosis where sister chromatids separate, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.

The process of sperm production in the testes, resulting in four haploid sperm cells.

The process of egg production in the ovaries, resulting in one haploid egg cell and polar bodies.

Small, nonfunctional cells produced during oogenesis, which die.

Mature female gamete, containing one copy of each chromosome.

Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells.

The variation in genetic makeup among individuals within a population.

Meiosis I is the reduction division, where the number of chromosomes is halved. Meiosis II is the equational division, where sister chromatids separate, resulting in haploid gametes.

Pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry the same genes but might have different versions of that gene (alleles).

Structures formed during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up, each consisting of two sister chromatids.

Early prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair, chromosomes condense. Late prophase I: Spindle forms, nuclear envelope fragments, crossing over occurs.