Biology Chapter on Autotrophs and Digestion

False (B)

Mucus

<p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yeast, mushroom, bread mould (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mouth = Initial food breakdown Stomach = Protein digestion Small intestine = Nutrient absorption Large intestine = Water absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It turns blue-black with iodine solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It turns milky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ethanol, carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose → Pyruvate → CO2 + H2O + Energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic Respiration = Ethanol + CO2 Aerobic Respiration = CO2 + H2O + Energy Fermentation = Lactic Acid Cellular Respiration = Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Anabas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pisces and amphibians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen = Internal energy reserve in animals Starch = Internal energy reserve in plants Protein = Building block of cells Fatty acid = Source of energy and building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left atrium = Receives oxygenated blood Right atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood Left ventricle = Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Right ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli of the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6CO2 + 12H2O + Chlorophyll + Sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>opening and closing of the stomatal pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nitrates and nitrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate to ethanol = Occurs in yeast during fermentation Aerobic fermentation = Takes place with oxygen present Anaerobic respiration = Fermentation without oxygen Mitochondrial fermentation = Occurs in yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>kidney → ureters → urinary bladder → urethra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsification of fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophic nutrition = Green plant Heterotrophic nutrition = Deer Parasitic nutrition = Leech Digestion in food vacuoles = Paramecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen is less available in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms that can create their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. They are the foundation of food chains.

Organisms that obtain their food by consuming other organisms. They can't make their own food.

The process of breaking down food into smaller, simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body. Digestion can happen inside or outside the organism.

The process of taking in nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.

The order in which food travels through the human digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

An enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch (carbohydrates) into simpler sugars.

A protective layer in the stomach that prevents the acidic environment from damaging the stomach lining.

A fluid produced by the liver that helps in the digestion of fats in the small intestine.

Iodine solution turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

The small intestine is where the final breakdown of food occurs, absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.

Pancreatic juice contains enzymes like trypsin (breaks down proteins) and lipase (breaks down fats).

Carbon dioxide reacts with limewater, making it milky.

Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide.

Aerobic respiration uses glucose (sugar) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. This process is less efficient than aerobic respiration and produces less energy.

Aerobic respiration is more efficient and produces more energy than anaerobic respiration.

During inhalation, the ribs expand outward, and the diaphragm contracts downward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity.

The process of air entering the lungs is called inhalation, and air leaving the lungs is exhalation.

In the alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs, oxygen passes from the inhaled air into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

The heart is a vital organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system, delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products.

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps this oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, and the right ventricle pumps this deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

Valves within the heart prevent backflow of blood, ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction during each heartbeat.

The sequence of air passage during inhalation: Nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → alveoli.

In single circulation, blood passes through the heart only once during a complete cycle of blood flow throughout the body. This type of circulation is found in some fish.

In double circulation, blood goes through the heart twice in one complete cycle of blood flow. First, it goes to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then back to the heart, and finally to the rest of the body.

Oxygenated blood is blood that has picked up oxygen from the lungs.

Deoxygenated blood is blood that has dropped off oxygen to the body's cells and picked up carbon dioxide. This blood needs to go back to the lungs to get rid of the CO2 and get more oxygen.

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. It has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood to the lungs and body respectively.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues. They have thick, elastic walls to handle the high pressure of blood flow.

Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body's tissues. They usually have thinner walls than arteries and have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They allow the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissue.

The process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create their own food (glucose) and release oxygen as a byproduct.

The equation that summarizes photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 12H2O + Sunlight + Chlorophyll → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O. This shows carbon dioxide and water reacting in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce glucose, oxygen, and water.

The opening and closing of stomata (pores on leaves) are primarily controlled by the amount of water present in the guard cells surrounding the stomata.

Most plants absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrates and nitrites, which are readily available in the soil.

The first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract is salivary amylase, found in saliva. Its role is to break down starches into simpler sugars.

Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration (occurs without oxygen). In this process, pyruvate (a product of glucose breakdown) is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast.

When muscles lack oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid. This buildup can cause muscle cramps, especially during strenuous activities.

The correct path of urine in the human body is: kidney → ureters → urinary bladder → urethra.

It helps in the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area for digestion by enzymes.

Peristalsis, a series of rhythmic muscle contractions, propels food through the digestive tract.

The small intestine has a large surface area due to villi and microvilli, which aids in efficient absorption of digested nutrients.

Cuscuta, ticks, and leeches are all parasites. They obtain their food from a host organism.

The mouth begins the breakdown of food with mechanical chewing and the chemical action of salivary amylase, which breaks down starches.

Gastric glands in the stomach produce enzymes like pepsin for protein digestion, mucus to protect the stomach lining, and hydrochloric acid for activating pepsin.

The heart pumps blood twice through the circulatory system in one complete cycle, passing through both the lungs and the body. This ensures efficient oxygenation of the blood.

A four-chambered heart allows for complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, maximizing the efficiency of oxygen delivery to the body.