Biology Chapter on Atoms and Molecules

<p>Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of neutrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the atom's ability to form chemical bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average mass taking into account the different percentages of isotopes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a full outer shell of electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrogen bonding between water molecules causes water to resist changes in temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple sugars, like glucose and fructose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the primary source of energy for the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animalia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a point of comparison for the experimental group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be proven true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the accuracy and validity of research findings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory is a well-supported explanation, while a hypothesis is a tentative explanation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can provide valuable insights and lead to new research questions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bee hive regulating its temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A human shivering in the cold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining DNA from two parents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population of bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life requires energy to maintain its organization and functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Always have a cell wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transfer of genetic material between unrelated organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E. coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms are classified based on their evolutionary relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A parent bacterium divides into two identical daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria and archaea have different evolutionary histories and cellular structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility of nonpolar molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (O) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen gas has a triple covalent bond. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent bonds have a partial positive and negative charge due to unequal electron sharing, while nonpolar covalent bonds have no partial charges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds attract and pull apart polar molecules, allowing them to dissolve. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

The six key elements in living organisms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur.

The smallest piece of an element that retains its properties.

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom, weighing 1 amu.

A neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom, also weighing 1 amu.

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Same element with different weights due to varying numbers of neutrons.

Atoms with different charges due to differing numbers of electrons.

Life must possess five key characteristics: organization, energy requirement, homeostasis, reproduction, and evolution.

The cell is the fundamental unit of life, forming tissues, organs, and organisms.

Characteristics that arise when components work together as a system, surpassing the sum of individual parts.

Organisms, mainly plants, that produce their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

Organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms, categorized as heterotrophs.

Heterotrophs that break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the environment.

The process through which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The process where environmental factors favor the survival of organisms with advantageous traits over generations.

The science of classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships.

A single-celled organism without a nuclear membrane or membrane-bound organelles.

An organism with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

The three classifications of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

The transfer of genetic material between organisms not through parent-offspring.

Asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two identical organisms.

The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms, both unicellular and multicellular.

A kingdom within Domain Eukarya that includes unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Multicellular or unicellular heterotrophs that absorb their food.

Multicellular heterotrophs that ingest their food.

Multicellular autotrophs that produce their own energy.

A tentative explanation for an observation, must be testable.

The variable manipulated by the scientist to test its effect.

The variable measured in an experiment, affected by the independent variable.

The process where other scientists evaluate research before publication.

Basic research expands knowledge; applied research solves real problems.

Substances that do not dissolve in water due to nonpolar bonds.

Bonds that allow water to resist temperature changes due to its unique structure.

Ice has a lower density than liquid water due to its hexagonal structure when frozen.

A scale measuring H+ ion concentration, indicating acidity or alkalinity of solutions.

A strong acid with a pH of 1 that contributes H+ to solutions.

A strong base with a pH of 14 that absorbs H+ from solutions.

Process of linking monomers by removing water to form polymers.

Four structure levels: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary, defining a protein’s shape.

A strong bond formed by shared electrons between atoms.

A bond where electrons are shared unevenly, creating partial charges.

A weak bond formed between molecules with opposite partial charges.

A strong bond formed when one atom completely transfers an electron to another.

An element's ability to attract electrons toward itself.

The tendency of water molecules to stick together.

The ability of water molecules to form bonds with different substances.

Water's ability to dissolve hydrophilic ('water-loving') substances.