Biology Chapter: Nutrition and Digestion

True (A)

plaque

<p>Hydrochloric acid provides the optimal pH for enzymes to function in the stomach, allowing for efficient digestion of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oesophagus = Peristalsis propels food to the stomach Stomach = Churns food and mixes it with gastric juices Small intestine = Most nutrient absorption occurs here Large intestine = Absorbs water and forms feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CnH2nOn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sucrose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic and inorganic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetarian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atkins diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>unpleasant emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics plays a significant role in predisposing individuals to eating disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics = Can predispose individuals to eating disorders. Biochemistry = May involve abnormal levels of chemicals regulating appetite, mood, and stress. Psychology = Can be associated with clinical depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating disorders can affect individuals of any weight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A healthy attitude towards food and body image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin and Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose = A simple sugar (monosaccharide) Glycogen = A complex carbohydrate that is the stored form of glucose Insulin = A hormone that helps lower blood glucose levels by converting glucose into glycogen Glucagon = A hormone that helps raise blood glucose levels by converting glycogen back into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gymnastics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family or other relationship problems, Difficult or turbulent childhood, History of physical or sexual abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converting glycogen to glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate activities in target organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids = Fatty acids and glycerol Carbohydrates = Monosaccharides Proteins = Amino acids Nucleic Acids = Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catalyzing biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35 - 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase = Alkaline (mouth) Pepsin = Acidic (stomach) Trypsin = Alkaline (small intestine) Lipase = Alkaline (small intestine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reactions to specific foods like nuts or gluten.

Substances with carbon and hydrogen; includes proteins and carbs.

Chemical process that uses water to split compounds.

Reaction where water is produced and molecules bond.

Simple sugars with one sugar unit, e.g., glucose.

Formed by two monosaccharides, e.g., sucrose.

Complex carbohydrates made of long chains of sugars.

Specific diets like vegan, gluten-free, or religious guidelines.

Damage to teeth caused by acids from bacteria in plaque.

A soft, sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth.

Hardened plaque that can irritate gums and lead to gum disease.

Involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

The semi-liquid food mixture that moves from the stomach to the small intestine.

The part of the digestive system where most absorption of nutrients takes place.

Small finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Also known as the colon, it absorbs water and forms waste.

A lack of confidence in one’s worth or abilities.

The ability to manage and express one's emotions effectively.

The desire to be flawless or to meet extremely high standards.

Societal influences that promote dieting and body dissatisfaction.

Believing thinner bodies are linked to positive traits like success or attractiveness.

Factors in one’s surroundings that lead to eating disorders, like bullying or relationship issues.

A simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for the body.

A hormone that lowers blood sugar levels by converting glucose into glycogen.

Serious illnesses like anorexia and bulimia that involve unhealthy eating behaviors to cope with emotions.

Factors include genetic, biochemical, psychological, cultural, and environmental influences.

Genetic predisposition plays a role; eating disorders often run in families.

Abnormal levels of chemicals like cortisol and serotonin can influence eating disorders.

Mental health disorders like depression and anxiety can contribute to eating disorders.

Eating disorders are not simply choices or character flaws; they're complex illnesses.

Many individuals use eating and dieting behaviors to manage stress and emotions.

Diagnosis can't be based solely on appearance; individuals may be any weight.

Produces enzymes and hormones to regulate digestion and blood sugar.

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by converting glycogen to glucose.

The stored form of glucose mainly found in the liver and muscles.

The building blocks of proteins, primarily amino acids.

Long chains formed by amino acids, known as polypeptides.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, often ending in 'ase'.

Molecules made in endocrine glands that regulate various body functions.

Energy storage, insulation, and forming cell membranes.

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, while polysaccharides are long chains of sugars.

To regulate processes like growth, metabolism, and mood.

Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body functions.

All chemical reactions in the body that maintain life processes.

The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Optimal temperature and pH for enzymes to function effectively.

Enzymes that help break down food, each with specific pH requirements.