Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason organisms undergo cell division?
What is the primary reason organisms undergo cell division?
- To consume nutrients more effectively
- To increase their cell size significantly
- To develop new organs and structures
- To replace dead or damaged cells (correct)
How do asexual offspring differ from sexual offspring?
How do asexual offspring differ from sexual offspring?
- Asexual offspring inherit traits from both parents
- Asexual offspring have half the genetic information of the parent
- Asexual offspring are genetically identical to the parent (correct)
- Asexual reproduction requires two parents
What is the average duration for a complete cell replacement in the human body?
What is the average duration for a complete cell replacement in the human body?
- Every 3 years
- Every year
- Every 5 years
- Every 7 years (correct)
What phase comes after interphase in the cell cycle?
What phase comes after interphase in the cell cycle?
What structure forms during prophase of mitosis?
What structure forms during prophase of mitosis?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
What happens to brain and nerve cells after a few months of age?
What happens to brain and nerve cells after a few months of age?
What are chromosomes comprised of?
What are chromosomes comprised of?
Which of the following processes occurs during anaphase?
Which of the following processes occurs during anaphase?
What is the purpose of mitosis?
What is the purpose of mitosis?
What is one characteristic of the G1 phase in interphase?
What is one characteristic of the G1 phase in interphase?
Which of the following statements is true about the liver cells?
Which of the following statements is true about the liver cells?
What directly follows mitosis in the cell cycle?
What directly follows mitosis in the cell cycle?
What is the key function of the cell's DNA?
What is the key function of the cell's DNA?
Flashcards
Multicellular Organism
Multicellular Organism
An organism composed of multiple cells, with each cell operating independently yet cooperating for the organism's function.
Growth (Multicellular)
Growth (Multicellular)
The process of increasing the number of cells in an organism through cell division, leading to growth.
Repair (Multicellular)
Repair (Multicellular)
The replacement of damaged or dead cells through cell division, ensuring tissue repair and maintenance.
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
The process of producing offspring from a single parent.
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Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
The process of producing offspring from the fusion of sex cells (gametes) from two parents.
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Cell Division
Cell Division
A vital process involving the division of a parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells.
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The DNA molecule found in the nucleus of a cell, containing the genetic instructions for an organism.
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Long strands of DNA that carry genetic information in the nucleus of a cell.
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Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
The continuous cycle of cell growth, replication, and division, with two main phases: interphase and mitosis.
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Interphase
Interphase
The longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.
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G1 Phase
G1 Phase
A period of cell growth within interphase, where the cell increases in size and prepares for DNA replication.
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S Phase
S Phase
A period in interphase where the cell replicates its DNA, creating two identical copies of each chromosome.
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G2 Phase
G2 Phase
A period in interphase where the cell prepares for mitosis, synthesizing necessary proteins and organelles.
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Mitosis
Mitosis
The process of nuclear division in the cell cycle, where one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
The physical division of the cytoplasm into two separate cells after mitosis, completing the cell cycle.
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Multicellular Organisms
- Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell.
- Cell division is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction.
Growth
- Organisms increase their cell number through cell division.
- Humans develop from a single cell to 50-75 trillion cells.
Repair
- Cell division replaces dead or damaged cells.
- Millions of cells are shed and replaced constantly in areas like the intestines and skin.
- On average, all cells are replaced approximately every 7 years (excluding nerve and cardiac cells).
Reproduction
- Cell division is fundamental in both asexual and sexual reproduction.
- Asexual Reproduction: offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
- Sexual Reproduction: offspring inherit half their genetic information from each parent. Most multicellular organisms use this method.
Cell Division Rates
- Rapid cell replacement occurs in hair, skin, nails, taste buds and the stomach lining.
- Brain and nerve cells rarely regenerate after early development.
- Liver cells can regenerate if damaged.
Chromosomes and DNA
- DNA, located in the cell nucleus, contains the cell's genetic information.
- DNA is organized into chromosomes; humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
The Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is divided into interphase and mitosis.
- Interphase: The cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis. It has three distinct phases (G1, S, and G2).
- G1: Cell growth occurs.
- S: DNA replication occurs.
- G2: Cell prepares for mitosis.
- Mitosis: Cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
- Interphase: At the start of interphase, DNA exists as chromatin (thin, thread-like strands). Mitosis eventually results in the division of the cell's nucleus. Cytokinesis, the division of the cell cytoplasm, follows mitosis.
- Mitosis Phases (PMAT):
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes (each with two sister chromatids joined by a centromere).
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's center.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes unwind back into chromatin. A new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.
- The entire process of mitosis takes about 80 minutes in most eukaryotic cells.
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