Biology Chapter: Monomer Absorption

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism used to shuttle amino acids into cells?

Simple diffusion

Primary active transport (correct)

Facilitated diffusion

Secondary active transport

What type of energy is used in primary active transport?

Glucose

NADH

ATP (correct)

ADP

What happens to ATP during the process of primary active transport?

It is recycled back into the bloodstream.

It is transformed into glucose.

It is cleaved to release energy. (correct)

It is fully consumed without any product.

Where do amino acids go after they enter the enterocyte?

They leave the enterocyte to enter a blood capillary. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do monosaccharides differ from amino acids in their transport into the cells?

Monosaccharides utilize secondary active transport. Signup and view all the answers

What is created when ATP is cleaved during the transport process?

Adenosine diphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the process of transport that requires energy and is specific to the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically involved in the transport of amino acids across the enterocyte membrane?

Transport protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sodium ion gradient in enterocytes?

To provide energy for transporting monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

How are chylomicrons absorbed after fat digestion?

Into lymphatic capillaries, also known as lacteals Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to fatty acids once they enter the enterocyte?

They are reorganized into chylomicrons Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is most likely absorbed in the jejunum of the small intestine?

All macromolecules equally Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of active transport in the context of glucose absorption?

To supply energy for sodium ions to flow against their gradient Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the digested fats after they are absorbed into lymphatics?

They are further digested before entering the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily used for the absorption of fats in the enterocyte?

Passive diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Where in the digestive tract does most digestion occur?

The duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of chylomicrons?

They are formed from the restructuring of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the enterocyte?

Monosaccharides and amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Absorption Process in the Small Intestine

Monomers need to be absorbed into the bloodstream after digestion.
Primary active transport is responsible for shuttling amino acids into enterocytes (intestinal cells).
Energy for primary active transport comes from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is broken down to ADP (adenosine diphosphate).
Once inside the enterocyte, amino acids can enter blood capillaries to be circulated throughout the body.

Monosaccharide Absorption

Monosaccharides undergo secondary active transport for absorption.
Secondary active transport relies on an established ion gradient, notably sodium ions.
Sodium flows down its concentration gradient into the enterocyte, facilitating the entry of sugars into the cell.
Sugars enter the bloodstream while sodium is exchanged across the enterocyte membrane.

Nucleoside Absorption

Nucleosides are absorbed via primary active transport similar to amino acids.
They also enter blood capillaries from the enterocyte for distribution in the body.

Fatty Acid Absorption

Fatty acids, due to their nonpolar nature, can diffuse directly across the enterocyte membrane without the need for transport proteins.
Inside the enterocyte, fatty acids are reorganized into chylomicrons, which are too large for direct entry into blood capillaries.
Chylomicrons enter lymphatic capillaries (lacteals) for further digestion and eventual transport through the circulatory system.

Digestion and Absorption in the GI Tract

Digestion of all major macromolecules occurs primarily in the duodenum.
The jejunum is the main site for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, following digestion in the duodenum.

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Description

This quiz explores the process of absorption of monomers, specifically focusing on amino acids and their transport into cells. You'll learn about primary active transport and how these essential components enter the bloodstream. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms that facilitate this process.