Biology Chapter: Mitosis and Meiosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

  • To halve the chromosome number
  • To produce identical cells for growth and repair (correct)
  • To maintain genetic variation
  • To produce gametes for reproduction

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?

  • Prophase II
  • Telophase I
  • Anaphase I (correct)
  • Metaphase I

In DNA replication, if the template strand is A T C G G T, what would be the resulting complementary strand?

  • A T C G G T
  • T U C G C A
  • A U C G G U
  • T A G C C A (correct)

What is one result of crossing over during meiosis?

<p>Genetic variation among gametes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about spermatogenesis is correct?

<p>It results in four unique sperm cells per precursor cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes occurs during interphase before mitosis?

<p>DNA is replicated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the chromosome number of daughter cells produced by meiosis compare to the parent cell?

<p>It is halved (haploid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis follows metaphase?

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the midpiece of a sperm play?

<p>It provides energy for mobility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during oogenesis?

<p>One mature egg cell and three polar bodies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crossing over contribute to genetic diversity?

<p>It exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the zona pellucida surrounding an egg cell?

<p>It is a barrier that sperm must penetrate for fertilization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process contributes to the random distribution of chromosomes to gametes during meiosis?

<p>Independent assortment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is genetic diversity crucial for populations?

<p>It allows adaptation to changing environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do polar bodies play in oogenesis?

<p>They are unnecessary cells that generally disintegrate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

<p>It has a sugar-phosphate backbone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

DNA Replication

The process of creating an exact copy of a DNA molecule before cell division.

Complementary Base Pairing

A specific pairing of DNA bases: A with T, and C with G.

Mitosis Purpose

Cell division for growth, repair, and maintaining identical copies.

Meiosis Purpose

Cell division for sexual reproduction, producing gametes with half the chromosomes.

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Spermatogenesis

The process of making sperm cells in the testes.

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Mitosis Phases

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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Meiosis I

The first cell division in meiosis, separating homologous chromosomes, resulting in two daughter cells.

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Gamete

A mature reproductive cell (sperm or egg), containing half the number of chromosomes.

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Rosalind Franklin's role in DNA discovery

Used X-ray crystallography to show DNA's helical structure, crucial for Watson & Crick's model.

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Watson & Crick's model

A model that explains how DNA's structure relates to mutations.

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DNA mutation

Changes in DNA sequence, often from errors during replication.

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Allele frequencies

The proportion of different versions of a gene in a population

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Population

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

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X-ray crystallography

Technique used by Franklin to capture images of DNA

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Photo 51

Famous X-ray image of DNA that revealed its helical structure.

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How allele frequencies change

Changes due to factors like natural selection, mutations, and gene flow.

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