Biology Chapter: Membrane Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

Where are lipids synthesized in the cell?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytosolic ribosomes

What initiates the synthesis of all proteins in a cell?

  • Cytosolic ribosomes (correct)
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus

What is the role of the signal sequence in transmembrane proteins?

  • To complete protein synthesis in the cytosol
  • To halt translation and direct the ribosome to the ER (correct)
  • To direct the ribosome to the mitochondria
  • To ensure proteins are synthesized in the nucleus

What happens to cytosolic proteins after their synthesis is completed?

<p>They stay in the cytosol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After docking with the ER, what continues for transmembrane proteins?

<p>Translation continues and proteins integrate into the ER membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the ribosome docks with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the synthesis of transmembrane proteins?

<p>Translation resumes and the protein is inserted into the ER membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the synthesis of cytosolic proteins?

<p>They are fully synthesized in cytosolic ribosomes and remain in the cytosol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the signal sequence in transmembrane proteins?

<p>It halts translation and directs the ribosome to the ER. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the synthesis of transmembrane proteins begin?

<p>In cytosolic ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Membrane Component Synthesis Location

Lipids and proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Lipid Synthesis Location

Lipids are synthesized in the smooth ER (SER).

Protein Synthesis Start Spot

Protein synthesis begins on cytosolic ribosomes.

Cytosolic Protein Fate

Cytosolic proteins stay in the cytosol, complete synthesis there.

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Transmembrane Protein ER Targeting

Transmembrane proteins have signal sequences that guide ribosomes to the ER for insertion.

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ER Protein Synthesis

Proteins destined for membranes or export begin synthesis on cytosolic ribosomes, but are then moved to the ER for completion.

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Lipid Synthesis Location

Lipids are made in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).

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Signal Sequence

A short amino acid sequence that directs a protein to the ER for insertion into the membrane.

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Transmembrane Protein Targeting

Transmembrane proteins have a signal sequence that directs them to the ER membrane during translation.

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Cytosolic protein fate

Proteins made on free ribosomes in the cytosol remain in the cytosol.

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Study Notes

Synthesis of Membrane Components

  • Lipids and proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Lipids are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and inserted into its membrane
  • All proteins start synthesis in cytosolic ribosomes
  • Cytosolic proteins are finished and remain in the cytosol

Cells and Proteins

  • Transmembrane proteins have a signal sequence
  • This signal sequence stops translation and directs the ribosome to the ER, creating rough ER (RER)
  • Translation continues after docking, inserting the protein into the ER membrane

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