Biology Chapter: Locomotion and Movement
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of ciliary movement in the trachea?

  • Facilitates blood circulation
  • Promotes muscle contraction
  • Removes dust particles and foreign substances (correct)
  • Maintains the structure of the lungs

    • Which types of muscle is characterized by a striped appearance under the microscope?

  • Visceral muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Cardiac muscle (correct)

    • What percentage of the body weight in a human adult is contributed by muscles?

  • 30-40%
  • 20-30%
  • 40-50% (correct)
  • 50-60%

    • What distinguishes visceral muscles from skeletal muscles?

    <p>Location in hollow organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property do muscles exhibit that allows them to stretch and recoil?

    <p>Extensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of muscle tissue?

    <p>Stratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscular movement in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Locomotion and body posture changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cranial bones?

    <p>To protect the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones make up the facial region of the skull?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are collectively known as the ear ossicles?

    <p>Malleus, Incus, and Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of bones in the human axial skeleton?

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occipital condyles aid in the articulation of which part of the body?

    <p>The skull with the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the bones that make up the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Clavicle and scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are found in the human hand?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component gives bone its hardness?

    <p>Calcium salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is referred to as the longest bone in the human body?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is not part of the human skull?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is the patella?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is cartilage classified as?

    <p>Specialized connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the hind limb bones?

    <p>Carpals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pectoral and pelvic girdles?

    <p>Articulate upper and lower limbs with the axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many metacarpals are present in the human hand?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms a protective covering over the knee?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for the active sites on actin filaments being masked in resting muscle?

    <p>Troponin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium ions (Ca++) in muscle contraction?

    <p>To activate troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibers is primarily characterized by higher amounts of myoglobin?

    <p>Red muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the skeletal system is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Pelvic girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for considerable movement and plays a significant role in locomotion?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the calcium ions after muscle contraction to aid relaxation?

    <p>They are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary distinguishing feature between red and white muscle fibers?

    <p>Amount of myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the H-zone in striated muscle fiber?

    <p>Contains only myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 'Z' line in a sarcomere?

    <p>It anchors the thin filaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of myofibrils, what does the term 'H' zone refer to?

    <p>The middle area of the thick filament not overlapped by thin filaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure can be found in the middle of the 'A' band?

    <p>M line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does each actin (thin) filament consist of?

    <p>Two F-actins helical together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does tropomyosin perform in muscle contraction?

    <p>It prevents the binding between actin and myosin in a resting state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a sarcomere?

    <p>The segment between two Z lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Meromyosins in the context of muscle fibers?

    <p>Monomeric proteins that make up thick filaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the 'A' and 'I' bands arranged in myofibrils?

    <p>They alternate throughout the length of the myofibrils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the I bands during muscle contraction?

    <p>They decrease in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of myoglobin in muscles?

    <p>To store oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from repeated activation of muscles during exercise?

    <p>Accumulation of lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes red fibres from white fibres in muscles?

    <p>Higher myoglobin content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the breakdown of the cross-bridge during muscle contraction?

    <p>Hydrolysis of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do white fibres primarily rely on for energy?

    <p>Anaerobic respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Z lines during muscle relaxation?

    <p>They move farther apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of mitochondria affect muscle function?

    <p>They enhance oxygen utilization for ATP production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Locomotion and Movement

    • Movement is a key characteristic of living things, observed even in single-celled organisms.
    • Locomotion is a type of movement involving a change in location.
    • Different organisms have various movement mechanisms, including cilia, flagella, and tentacles.
    • In humans, movement of limbs, jaw, eyelids, tongue, and other body parts is possible.

    Types of Movement

    • Amoeboid movement employs pseudopodia (extensions of the cytoplasm).
    • Ciliary movement involves cilia (hair-like structures), aiding in transporting substances within the body and removing foreign particles.
    • Muscular movement is essential for locomotion and many other actions.

    Muscle Types

    • Skeletal muscles (striated) are responsible for voluntary movements like walking.
    • Visceral muscles (smooth) control involuntary actions like digestion.
    • Cardiac muscles (striated) power the heart's contractions (involuntary).

    Skeletal System

    • The skeletal system, composed of bones and cartilages, provides a framework for the body.
    • It has an axial portion (skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs) and an appendicular portion (limbs and girdles).
    • The skull (22 bones) forms a protective case for the brain, and numerous other bones support the body.
    • Vertebral column is composed of numerous vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx), protecting the spinal cord.
    • Ribs articulate with the sternum (breastbone) forming the rib cage.
    • Appendicular skeleton consists of bones in limbs and girdles, facilitating movements.

    Joints

    • Joints connect bones, enabling wide-ranging movement.
    • They are classified based on their structure.
    • Fibrous joints restrict movement (eg., sutures in skull).
    • Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement (eg., joints between vertebrae).
    • Synovial joints permit significant movement (eg., ball-and-socket, hinge joints).

    Muscle Contraction

    • Muscle contraction is a complex process.
    • The interaction of actin and myosin filaments generates force required for locomotion.
    • The process involves changes in muscle fiber structure and the sliding of these filaments over each other.

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    Locomotion and Movement PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of locomotion and movement in living organisms through this quiz. Discover how various organisms utilize different mechanisms for movement, from cilia and flagella to muscular contractions. Test your knowledge on the types of movements and muscle classifications in humans and other creatures.

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