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Questions and Answers
Match the gas with its primary destination in the respiratory system:
Match the gas with its primary destination in the respiratory system:
Oxygen = Body tissues Carbon dioxide = Alveoli Oxygenated blood = Lungs Deoxygenated blood = Body cells
Match the compound with its method of transportation in the blood:
Match the compound with its method of transportation in the blood:
Oxygen = Bound to hemoglobin Carbon dioxide = Dissolved in plasma Bicarbonate ions = Combined with water Oxygen and carbon dioxide = Diffusion gradients
Match the percentage with its respective gas transport method:
Match the percentage with its respective gas transport method:
About 10% = Dissolved in plasma (CO2) About 20% = Bound to hemoglobin (CO2) About 70% = Combined with water (CO2) About 98% = Bound to hemoglobin (O2)
Match the type of blood with its description:
Match the type of blood with its description:
Match the gas exchange process with its location:
Match the gas exchange process with its location:
Match the components of the gas exchange process with their descriptions:
Match the components of the gas exchange process with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the parts of the human respiratory system with their functions:
Match the parts of the human respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Match the adaptations for gas exchange with their purposes:
Match the adaptations for gas exchange with their purposes:
Match the following events with their corresponding conditions:
Match the following events with their corresponding conditions:
Match the components of respiration with their roles:
Match the components of respiration with their roles:
Match the following components of the airway with their characteristics:
Match the following components of the airway with their characteristics:
Match the gas exchange requirements with their characteristics:
Match the gas exchange requirements with their characteristics:
Match the stages of respiration with their meanings:
Match the stages of respiration with their meanings:
Match the following types of tissue found in the larynx with their functions:
Match the following types of tissue found in the larynx with their functions:
Match the following terms with their related processes:
Match the following terms with their related processes:
Match the terms related to respiration with their definitions:
Match the terms related to respiration with their definitions:
Match the gases involved in respiration with their roles:
Match the gases involved in respiration with their roles:
Match the following lung structures with their roles:
Match the following lung structures with their roles:
Match the following respiratory acts with their signs:
Match the following respiratory acts with their signs:
Match the following components of the alveoli with their functions:
Match the following components of the alveoli with their functions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following substances with their roles in gas exchange:
Match the following substances with their roles in gas exchange:
Match the following features of the alveoli with their characteristics:
Match the following features of the alveoli with their characteristics:
Match the following gases with their directional movement during gas exchange:
Match the following gases with their directional movement during gas exchange:
Match the following structures with their roles in the respiratory system:
Match the following structures with their roles in the respiratory system:
Match the following types of cells with their specific functions:
Match the following types of cells with their specific functions:
Match the following statements about the lungs with their implications:
Match the following statements about the lungs with their implications:
Match the following terms related to the respiratory system with their definitions:
Match the following terms related to the respiratory system with their definitions:
Match the following processes of breathing with their characteristics:
Match the following processes of breathing with their characteristics:
Match the following functions with the associated muscles:
Match the following functions with the associated muscles:
Match the following respiratory control mechanisms with their roles:
Match the following respiratory control mechanisms with their roles:
Match the following events with their sequence in breathing:
Match the following events with their sequence in breathing:
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following terms with their effects on breathing:
Match the following terms with their effects on breathing:
Match the following descriptions with the correct breathing phase:
Match the following descriptions with the correct breathing phase:
Flashcards
Respiration
Respiration
The process by which organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide in support of cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
The process that converts energy stored in nutrients into ATP for cellular energy, which requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as waste.
Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
The exchange of gases between organisms and their environment.
Diffusion
Diffusion
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Moist Respiratory Surfaces
Moist Respiratory Surfaces
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Thin Respiratory Surfaces
Thin Respiratory Surfaces
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Large Surface Area for Gas Exchange
Large Surface Area for Gas Exchange
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Conducting Portion of Respiratory System
Conducting Portion of Respiratory System
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Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
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CO2 Transport
CO2 Transport
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Oxygen Saturation
Oxygen Saturation
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Oxygen Transport
Oxygen Transport
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Inhalation
Inhalation
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Exhalation
Exhalation
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Rib Muscles
Rib Muscles
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Respiratory Center
Respiratory Center
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CO2 Receptors
CO2 Receptors
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Breathing Rate
Breathing Rate
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What are alveoli?
What are alveoli?
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How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
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What is the purpose of surfactant in the alveoli?
What is the purpose of surfactant in the alveoli?
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What is the role of capillaries in gas exchange?
What is the role of capillaries in gas exchange?
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What is the respiratory membrane?
What is the respiratory membrane?
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What is respiration?
What is respiration?
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How does gas exchange occur between the alveoli and capillaries?
How does gas exchange occur between the alveoli and capillaries?
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Why is the surface area of the alveoli so large?
Why is the surface area of the alveoli so large?
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What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
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What is the pharynx?
What is the pharynx?
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What is the larynx and what is it responsible for?
What is the larynx and what is it responsible for?
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What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
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What are vocal cords and what do they do?
What are vocal cords and what do they do?
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What is the trachea and what does it do?
What is the trachea and what does it do?
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What are bronchi and where do they lead?
What are bronchi and where do they lead?
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What are alveoli and what happens in them?
What are alveoli and what happens in them?
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Study Notes
Respiration Overview
- Respiration is the process by which organisms exchange gases with their environment to support cellular respiration.
- Gas exchange is crucial for cellular respiration because it provides oxygen needed for cellular energy production and removes carbon dioxide as a waste product.
- Cellular respiration converts nutrients, like sugar, to ATP (energy).
Gas Exchange Requirements
- Gas exchange relies on diffusion.
- Respiratory surfaces are moist for gas solubility in water.
- They are thin for efficient diffusion.
- Respiratory surfaces have a large surface area to allow ample gas exchange.
Human Respiratory System Conductin Portion
- The human respiratory system has a conducting portion that carries air to and from the gas-exchange portion.
- Air enters through the nasal or oral cavity into the pharynx.
- It travels to the larynx ("voice box") where sound production happens.
- The epiglottis guards the opening to the larynx.
- Air travels through the trachea, which is reinforced with cartilage.
- The trachea branches into two bronchi, one for each lung.
- Bronchi branch into bronchioles.
- Bronchioles lead to alveoli.
Human Respiratory System Gas-Exchange Portion
- Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs.
- Alveoli are clustered like grapes at the ends of the bronchioles, providing a large surface area.
- The human lung provides a moist, well-protected air cavity, where fragile membranes separate atmospheric air from the bloodstream.
- There are approximately 300 million alveoli in adult lungs combined.
How Breathing Works
- Breathing involves inhalation (actively enlarging chest cavity) and exhalation (passively decreasing chest cavity).
- Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts pulling downward, ribs lift up. Enlarges the chest cavity, allowing air to flow in.
- Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes moving upward, ribs move down. Decreases the chest cavity, forcing air out.
- Breathing rate is controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla.
- Breathing rate is regulated by CO2 and O2 levels in response to body's needs. Impulses from the respiratory centre stimulate diaphragm and rib muscles for breathing.
Gas Exchange in Alveoli
- Surfactant covers the alveoli, preventing the fragile surfaces from sticking together.
- Gas exchange happens through the respiratory membrane (epithelial cells of alveoli and endothelial cells lining capillaries).
- Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
Gas Transport in Blood
- Oxygen is primarily bound to hemoglobin (98%).
- Hemoglobin changes shape when oxygen binds, altering its color.
- Carbon dioxide is transported in three ways (dissolved plasma, bound to hemoglobin, bicarbonate ions).
- Bicarbonate ions are formed when CO2 reacts with water.
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