Biology Chapter Female Reproductive System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the female reproductive system after fertilization?

  • Transportation of sperm
  • Development and nourishment of a new individual (correct)
  • Production of gametes
  • Fertilization of oocytes

    • Meiosis occurs in both males and females to produce gametes.

    True

    What is formed immediately after the fertilization of an oocyte?

    Zygote

    The process by which chromosomes align as pairs during meiosis is called ______.

    <p>synapsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Gametes = Reproductive cells produced in testes and ovaries Fetus = Development stage from 56 days after fertilization Crossing over = Exchange of genetic material between chromatids Embryo = Development stage from 14 to 56 days after fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the male reproductive system nourishes sperm until they are mature?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the female reproductive organ that nurtures the development of a new individual until birth.

    <p>uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mammary glands?

    <p>To produce milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone secreted by the placenta causes the corpus luteum to enlarge during pregnancy?

    <p>human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oogenesis is the process of ______ production in females.

    <p>gamete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their functions:

    <p>Clitoris = Erectile structure in external genitalia Labia majora = Rounded folds of skin protecting the vulva Alveoli = Secretory sacs in mammary glands Mons pubis = Tissue elevation over the pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the testes?

    <p>Produce sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cryptorchidism refers to the proper descent of testes into the scrotum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature must sperm develop at to be viable?

    <p>34°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ muscles contract to help keep the testes warm by pulling them closer to the body.

    <p>cremaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the dartos muscle in cold temperatures?

    <p>It contracts, reducing the size of the scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An inguinal hernia is a condition characterized by the descent of the testes into the scrotum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the male reproductive organs that produce sperm?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The testes are divided into about _______ cone-shaped lobules, each containing seminiferous tubules.

    <p>250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sertoli cells?

    <p>Nourish germ cells and produce hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sperm cells taken directly from the testes are capable of fertilizing oocytes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the ductus deferens?

    <p>45 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The final changes in sperm cells, called __________, occur after ejaculation.

    <p>capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following glands with their function:

    <p>Seminal Vesicles = Contributes to ejaculatory duct Prostate Gland = Surrounds urethra Bulbourethral Gland = Secretes mucus Testicular Artery = Supplies blood to testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the urethra passes through the prostate gland?

    <p>Prostatic urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ampulla of the ductus deferens joins the seminal vesicle before the ejaculatory duct is formed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spermatic cord?

    <p>Contains the ductus deferens, testicular vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra serves as a passageway for urine and __________ reproductive fluids.

    <p>male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is described as a sac-shaped gland next to the ductus deferens?

    <p>Seminal Vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fimbriae surrounding the uterine tubes?

    <p>To help catch the secondary oocyte after ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ampulla is the location where fertilization occurs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the fertilized oocyte implants in the uterine wall?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus is as big as a ________.

    <p>medium-sized pear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterine wall is the muscular layer?

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vagina serves as the organ for childbirth and menstrual flow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterus is made up of simple columnar epithelium?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ________ uterus occurs when the round ligament weakens and the uterus extends out of the vagina.

    <p>prolapsed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the uterus with their descriptions:

    <p>Fundus = Superior portion of the uterus Body = Main part of the uterus Cervix = Narrow inferior part of the uterus Round ligament = Supports the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cervical canal and its function?

    <p>The cervical canal is the passage that opens from the cervix into the vagina, allowing for menstrual flow and childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproductive System Overview

    • The reproductive system is responsible for producing gametes (sperm and eggs), fertilization, development, and hormone production.
    • Male gametes are sperm produced in the testes.
    • Female gametes are oocytes (eggs) produced in the ovaries.
    • Fertilization is the union of sperm and egg.
    • Development and nourishment of a new individual occurs primarily in the female, where the fetus develops in the uterus.
    • The reproductive system produces hormones that control its development and function, influencing physical characteristics and sexual behavior.

    Male Reproductive System

    • The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra, accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands), and the scrotum.
    • Testes produce sperm within seminiferous tubules.
    • Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis.
    • The ductus deferens transports sperm to the urethra.
    • Accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral) produce fluids to support sperm.
    • The urethra carries urine and semen out of the body.
    • The scrotum regulates the temperature of the testes for sperm production.
    • The penis is the external organ for sexual intercourse.

    Female Reproductive System

    • The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia (vulva).
    • Ovaries produce oocytes and female sex hormones.
    • Uterine tubes transport oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus.
    • The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops.
    • The vagina is the birth canal.
    • External genitalia include the clitoris, labia, and vestibule.

    Meiosis

    • The testes in males and the ovaries in females produce gametes (sperm and egg) through a process called meiosis.
    • Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes.
    • Before meiosis begins, chromosomes are duplicated.
    • Meiosis includes two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II.
    • Meiosis results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
    • Crossing over occurs during meiosis, an important source of genetic variation.

    Development of Gametes

    • Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm cell production that occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes.
    • It involves multiple stages and cell divisions, culminating in mature sperm cells.
    • Oogenesis, the formation of female gametes (oocytes), begins before birth but is not completed until ovulation.
    • Primary oocytes are formed before birth, and then development continues in the ovarian follicles in response to various hormones.
    • The development of oocytes and follicles is controlled by various hormones, and a series of developmental steps result in the release of mature, fertilizable eggs.

    Stages of Menstrual Cycle

    • The menstrual cycle is a series of changes that occur in the female reproductive system to prepare for possible pregnancy.
    • It is divided into phases: menstruation, proliferative, ovulation, and secretory.
    • Each phase is characterized by specific hormonal changes, endometrial changes in the uterus, and oocyte development.
    • Important hormones involved in each phase include FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.

    Male Reproductive Hormones

    • There are several hormones essential for proper male reproductive function.
    • Hormones like testosterone, FSH, and LH play critical roles in regulating various physical and physiological processes.
    • These hormones regulate male reproductive function and secondary sex characteristics.

    Female Reproductive Hormones

    • Several hormones are vital for the proper development and function of the female reproductive system.
    • These hormones (such as estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) play key roles in regulating the menstrual cycle, fertility, and the development of secondary sex characteristics.

    Sperm and Ovum Production

    • Spermatogenesis: the formation of sperm cells, occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
    • Spermatogonia are the starting cells of the process, going through meiotic divisions, ultimately forming mature sperm cells.
    • Oogenesis: the process of formation of oocytes takes place in the ovaries. It begins in the fetal stage; the production of mature oocytes completes at the time of ovulation, in coordination with the menstrual cycle.

    Pregnancy

    • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). A hormone crucial to maintaining pregnancy.
    • During pregnancy, the placenta produces enough progesterone to support the fetus.

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    Related Documents

    Module 12: The Reproductive System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the female and male reproductive systems with this comprehensive quiz. Covering key concepts such as fertilization, meiosis, and the functions of various reproductive organs, this quiz is designed for biology students. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand reproductive biology.

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