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Questions and Answers
What is kinetic energy primarily associated with?
What is kinetic energy primarily associated with?
What type of energy is specifically linked to the random movement of atoms or molecules?
What type of energy is specifically linked to the random movement of atoms or molecules?
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, what can be said about energy?
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, what can be said about energy?
Which statement about energy transformations is true?
Which statement about energy transformations is true?
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What energy is available for release during a chemical reaction?
What energy is available for release during a chemical reaction?
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What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
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What is Gibbs Free Energy (G)?
What is Gibbs Free Energy (G)?
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What indicates a spontaneous reaction in terms of Gibbs Free Energy?
What indicates a spontaneous reaction in terms of Gibbs Free Energy?
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In a chemical reaction, if ΔG is greater than zero (ΔG > 0), that reaction is described as:
In a chemical reaction, if ΔG is greater than zero (ΔG > 0), that reaction is described as:
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How does the concept of entropy relate to living organisms?
How does the concept of entropy relate to living organisms?
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Which type of metabolic pathway breaks down molecules to generate energy?
Which type of metabolic pathway breaks down molecules to generate energy?
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What is the primary energy currency used in biological systems?
What is the primary energy currency used in biological systems?
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What happens to free energy in a system that adheres to the first law of thermodynamics?
What happens to free energy in a system that adheres to the first law of thermodynamics?
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Which mechanism is NOT a way to control enzyme activity?
Which mechanism is NOT a way to control enzyme activity?
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What do anabolic pathways primarily do?
What do anabolic pathways primarily do?
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What is bioenergetics concerned with?
What is bioenergetics concerned with?
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During cellular respiration, glucose is ultimately converted into which byproducts?
During cellular respiration, glucose is ultimately converted into which byproducts?
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What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?
What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?
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Study Notes
Life Requires Energy
- All life requires energy
- Thermodynamics is the study of the energy of systems
- Bioenergetics is the study of how energy flows through living organisms
Metabolism
- All the chemical reactions performed by a living organism.
- Catabolic pathways break down molecules into smaller molecules which are used to generate energy and chemical building blocks
- Anabolic pathways use energy provided by catabolism to drive the synthesis of other molecules
Examples:
- Sucrose is broken down into monosaccharides in a catabolic pathway
- Monosaccharides are broken down further until they are ultimately converted into CO2 and water
- This process is used to generate the energy currency ATP
- Glucose ingested from a donut is stored in the form of glycogen for later use in an anabolic pathway
- This process requires input of energy
Metabolism
- The breakdown of glucose into CO2 is a catabolic pathway
- Metabolism can be very complicated
Forms of Energy
- Kinetic energy is energy associated with the movement of objects
- Potential energy is energy possessed by matter due to its location or spatial arrangement
Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic energy can take the form of thermal energy
- Thermal energy is kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
Potential Energy
- Potential energy can be found in the arrangement of bonds between atoms
- Chemical energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Thermodynamics
- Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations
- A system is the object or group of objects under study
- Isolated systems freely exchange neither matter nor energy with the surroundings
- Open systems exchange matter and energy with the surroundings
Laws of Energy Transformations
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transferred and or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
- The second law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
- Entropy is a measure of disorder
Gibbs Free Energy (G)
- Gibbs Free Energy (G) is the portion of a system's energy that can perform work (at constant temperature and pressure)
- Free energy change (ΔG) tells us if a reaction is thermodynamically favourable but not if it will occur
- ΔG = Gfinal state – Ginitial state
Change in Gibbs Free Energy
- ΔG tells us whether a reaction will be spontaneous or not
- An endergonic reaction has a positive ΔG and is not spontaneous
- An exergonic reaction has a negative ΔG and is spontaneous
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of energy requirements for life and metabolism in this quiz. Understand thermodynamics, bioenergetics, and the differences between catabolic and anabolic pathways. Test your knowledge on how organisms convert energy and the processes involved in metabolism.
