Biology Chapter: Diffusion and Transport Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What defines the movement of molecules in active transport?

  • Movement with the concentration gradient using no energy
  • Movement through a selectively-permeable membrane without energy
  • Movement against the concentration gradient using energy (correct)
  • Movement without any gradient dependency

    • What characteristic is essential for a membrane to be classified as selectively permeable?

  • Prevents any substance from entering
  • Allows all substances to pass through freely
  • Only allows large molecules to pass
  • Permits some substances and excludes others (correct)

    • What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

  • The cell remains the same size
  • The cell becomes swollen and bursts
  • The cell's cytoplasm increases in concentration
  • The cell shrinks as water exits (correct)

    • Which statement correctly describes turgor pressure?

    <p>It results from the osmotic movement of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the process of plasmolysis?

    <p>The cell membrane detaches from the cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the process of osmosis be demonstrated in an experiment using visking tubing?

    <p>By observing changes in mass over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an isotonic solution in cellular context?

    <p>To prevent cells from gaining or losing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to food preservation, what is a common example of osmosis at work?

    <p>Preserving fish in a salty solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes osmosis?

    <p>It involves the movement of water through a selective barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of active transport?

    <p>Movement of molecules from low to high concentration requiring energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution characteristics correctly describe a hypotonic solution?

    <p>Is less concentrated than the cytoplasm in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during plasmolysis in plant cells?

    <p>The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately defines diffusion?

    <p>Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the process of osmosis?

    <p>Flow of solvent molecules across a selectively-permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does turgor pressure serve in plant cells?

    <p>It provides stability and firmness to the cell structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a selectively permeable membrane function?

    <p>Only permits certain substances to enter and exit selectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>The cell would lose water and shrink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of a solution being isotonic to a cell's cytoplasm?

    <p>There will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes an example of osmosis in food preservation?

    <p>Salted meat is kept in a salty solution to draw out water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diffusion and Transport Mechanisms

    • Diffusion: Process where molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution.
    • Active Transport: Involves movement of molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high) utilizing energy.
    • Osmosis: A specific type of diffusion, referring to water movement across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low.

    Selectively Permeable Membrane

    • Definition: Membranes that permit the passage of certain substances while restricting others, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

    Osmosis in Detail

    • Characteristics: Occurs across selectively permeable membranes and does not require external energy (passive).
    • Isotonic Solution: Has the same concentration as the cell's cytoplasm, causing no net movement of water.
    • Hypotonic Solution: Less concentrated than the cytoplasm, leading water to enter the cell and potentially causing it to swell.
    • Hypertonic Solution: More concentrated than the cytoplasm, resulting in water leaving the cell and causing it to shrink.

    Turgor Pressure

    • Definition: The pressure exerted by the cell's cytoplasm and vacuole against the cell wall, essential for maintaining cell shape.
    • Function: Provides strength and structural integrity to plant cells, crucial for growth and support.

    Plasmolysis

    • Definition: Occurs when the cell membrane detaches from the cell wall due to loss of water in hypertonic conditions.

    Osmosis in Food Preservation

    • Example: Fish and meat are often stored in salty solutions to prevent microbial growth through osmotic effects, drawing moisture out of cells.

    Experimental Observations

    • Material: Visking tubing is used as a model selectively permeable membrane for observing osmosis.
    • Tied Ends: Keeps the ends of tubing out of the water to prevent leakage of the solution.
    • Observation of Osmosis: Notable increase in mass and fullness indicates water intake through osmosis over a period of time.
    • Effect on Animal Cells: When placed in a sucrose solution, animal cells would undergo shrinkage due to water loss.

    Diffusion and Transport Mechanisms

    • Diffusion: Process where molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution.
    • Active Transport: Involves movement of molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high) utilizing energy.
    • Osmosis: A specific type of diffusion, referring to water movement across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low.

    Selectively Permeable Membrane

    • Definition: Membranes that permit the passage of certain substances while restricting others, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

    Osmosis in Detail

    • Characteristics: Occurs across selectively permeable membranes and does not require external energy (passive).
    • Isotonic Solution: Has the same concentration as the cell's cytoplasm, causing no net movement of water.
    • Hypotonic Solution: Less concentrated than the cytoplasm, leading water to enter the cell and potentially causing it to swell.
    • Hypertonic Solution: More concentrated than the cytoplasm, resulting in water leaving the cell and causing it to shrink.

    Turgor Pressure

    • Definition: The pressure exerted by the cell's cytoplasm and vacuole against the cell wall, essential for maintaining cell shape.
    • Function: Provides strength and structural integrity to plant cells, crucial for growth and support.

    Plasmolysis

    • Definition: Occurs when the cell membrane detaches from the cell wall due to loss of water in hypertonic conditions.

    Osmosis in Food Preservation

    • Example: Fish and meat are often stored in salty solutions to prevent microbial growth through osmotic effects, drawing moisture out of cells.

    Experimental Observations

    • Material: Visking tubing is used as a model selectively permeable membrane for observing osmosis.
    • Tied Ends: Keeps the ends of tubing out of the water to prevent leakage of the solution.
    • Observation of Osmosis: Notable increase in mass and fullness indicates water intake through osmosis over a period of time.
    • Effect on Animal Cells: When placed in a sucrose solution, animal cells would undergo shrinkage due to water loss.

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    Diffusion and Osmosis- Audio SAQs.docx

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of diffusion, active transport, and osmosis in this quiz. Understand how substances move across selectively permeable membranes and the importance of maintaining cellular homeostasis. Test your knowledge with various scenarios and definitions related to these essential biological processes.

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