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Questions and Answers
What defines the movement of molecules in active transport?
What defines the movement of molecules in active transport?
- Movement with the concentration gradient using no energy
- Movement through a selectively-permeable membrane without energy
- Movement against the concentration gradient using energy (correct)
- Movement without any gradient dependency
What characteristic is essential for a membrane to be classified as selectively permeable?
What characteristic is essential for a membrane to be classified as selectively permeable?
- Prevents any substance from entering
- Allows all substances to pass through freely
- Only allows large molecules to pass
- Permits some substances and excludes others (correct)
What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?
What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?
- The cell remains the same size
- The cell becomes swollen and bursts
- The cell's cytoplasm increases in concentration
- The cell shrinks as water exits (correct)
Which statement correctly describes turgor pressure?
Which statement correctly describes turgor pressure?
What best describes the process of plasmolysis?
What best describes the process of plasmolysis?
How can the process of osmosis be demonstrated in an experiment using visking tubing?
How can the process of osmosis be demonstrated in an experiment using visking tubing?
What is the primary function of an isotonic solution in cellular context?
What is the primary function of an isotonic solution in cellular context?
In relation to food preservation, what is a common example of osmosis at work?
In relation to food preservation, what is a common example of osmosis at work?
Which of the following correctly describes osmosis?
Which of the following correctly describes osmosis?
What is the correct definition of active transport?
What is the correct definition of active transport?
Which solution characteristics correctly describe a hypotonic solution?
Which solution characteristics correctly describe a hypotonic solution?
What occurs during plasmolysis in plant cells?
What occurs during plasmolysis in plant cells?
Which statement accurately defines diffusion?
Which statement accurately defines diffusion?
What best describes the process of osmosis?
What best describes the process of osmosis?
What role does turgor pressure serve in plant cells?
What role does turgor pressure serve in plant cells?
How does a selectively permeable membrane function?
How does a selectively permeable membrane function?
What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
What is the implication of a solution being isotonic to a cell's cytoplasm?
What is the implication of a solution being isotonic to a cell's cytoplasm?
Which scenario describes an example of osmosis in food preservation?
Which scenario describes an example of osmosis in food preservation?
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Study Notes
Diffusion and Transport Mechanisms
- Diffusion: Process where molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution.
- Active Transport: Involves movement of molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high) utilizing energy.
- Osmosis: A specific type of diffusion, referring to water movement across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low.
Selectively Permeable Membrane
- Definition: Membranes that permit the passage of certain substances while restricting others, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Osmosis in Detail
- Characteristics: Occurs across selectively permeable membranes and does not require external energy (passive).
- Isotonic Solution: Has the same concentration as the cell's cytoplasm, causing no net movement of water.
- Hypotonic Solution: Less concentrated than the cytoplasm, leading water to enter the cell and potentially causing it to swell.
- Hypertonic Solution: More concentrated than the cytoplasm, resulting in water leaving the cell and causing it to shrink.
Turgor Pressure
- Definition: The pressure exerted by the cell's cytoplasm and vacuole against the cell wall, essential for maintaining cell shape.
- Function: Provides strength and structural integrity to plant cells, crucial for growth and support.
Plasmolysis
- Definition: Occurs when the cell membrane detaches from the cell wall due to loss of water in hypertonic conditions.
Osmosis in Food Preservation
- Example: Fish and meat are often stored in salty solutions to prevent microbial growth through osmotic effects, drawing moisture out of cells.
Experimental Observations
- Material: Visking tubing is used as a model selectively permeable membrane for observing osmosis.
- Tied Ends: Keeps the ends of tubing out of the water to prevent leakage of the solution.
- Observation of Osmosis: Notable increase in mass and fullness indicates water intake through osmosis over a period of time.
- Effect on Animal Cells: When placed in a sucrose solution, animal cells would undergo shrinkage due to water loss.
Diffusion and Transport Mechanisms
- Diffusion: Process where molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution.
- Active Transport: Involves movement of molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high) utilizing energy.
- Osmosis: A specific type of diffusion, referring to water movement across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low.
Selectively Permeable Membrane
- Definition: Membranes that permit the passage of certain substances while restricting others, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Osmosis in Detail
- Characteristics: Occurs across selectively permeable membranes and does not require external energy (passive).
- Isotonic Solution: Has the same concentration as the cell's cytoplasm, causing no net movement of water.
- Hypotonic Solution: Less concentrated than the cytoplasm, leading water to enter the cell and potentially causing it to swell.
- Hypertonic Solution: More concentrated than the cytoplasm, resulting in water leaving the cell and causing it to shrink.
Turgor Pressure
- Definition: The pressure exerted by the cell's cytoplasm and vacuole against the cell wall, essential for maintaining cell shape.
- Function: Provides strength and structural integrity to plant cells, crucial for growth and support.
Plasmolysis
- Definition: Occurs when the cell membrane detaches from the cell wall due to loss of water in hypertonic conditions.
Osmosis in Food Preservation
- Example: Fish and meat are often stored in salty solutions to prevent microbial growth through osmotic effects, drawing moisture out of cells.
Experimental Observations
- Material: Visking tubing is used as a model selectively permeable membrane for observing osmosis.
- Tied Ends: Keeps the ends of tubing out of the water to prevent leakage of the solution.
- Observation of Osmosis: Notable increase in mass and fullness indicates water intake through osmosis over a period of time.
- Effect on Animal Cells: When placed in a sucrose solution, animal cells would undergo shrinkage due to water loss.
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