Biology Chapter: Chemical Reactions and Compounds

<p>The sequence of DNA bases determines the sequence of RNA bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At an angle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its capacity to bond with other carbon atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It remains constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triple bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High boiling point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are all isomers of each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Has both branched and unbranched chains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can consist of sulfur and phosphate in their structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are shown on the left side of the equation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction can proceed in both directions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon can form stable single, double, and triple bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of atoms that determines the properties of a molecule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation forms bonds, while hydrolysis breaks bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can reform into reactants under certain conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acidity or basicity of a solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attraction between water and foreign molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohesion and adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(CH2O)n (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the protein's structure and thus its function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes can be reused after catalyzing a reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids store energy more efficiently than carbohydrates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carboxyl end is polar and interacts with water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated fatty acids have carbon atoms bonded to the maximum number of atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and transmit genetic information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids have a higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen to oxygen than carbohydrates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where bonds in reactants break and new bonds form in products, changing substances.

The substances that enter a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the equation.

The substances that result from a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the equation.

A chemical reaction that can proceed in both directions, forming both products and reactants.

A compound that contains carbon, often along with hydrogen and other elements. Carbon's ability to bond with many other elements produces this variety.

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for a particular chemical reaction.

A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing a small molecule (often water).

A chemical reaction where a larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by adding water.

A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds with other elements and carbon atoms itself, creating complex structures.

A covalent bond where two atoms share one pair of electrons.

A molecule with an uneven distribution of electrical charge, creating a positive and negative side.

Water's uneven charge distribution, influenced by the angle of its atoms, causing it to be a polar molecule.

Water's capacity to absorb significant energy without substantial temperature change, helping maintain internal body temperature.

Attraction between slightly positive hydrogen atoms and slightly negative oxygen atoms in water molecules.

An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one water molecule and a slightly negative oxygen atom in another water molecule.

The attraction between particles of the same substance, like water molecules sticking to each other.

The attraction between unlike substances, like water molecules clinging to a glass surface.

The ability of water to move upward through narrow tubes against the force of gravity, caused by cohesion and adhesion.

A simple sugar that is a monomer of carbohydrates, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides joined together.

A complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides linked together.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main classes of organic compounds essential for all living things.

The specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).

The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar.

The sugar in RNA is ribose, a five-carbon sugar with a hydroxyl group at the 2' position.

Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) in RNA.

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which in turn determines the protein's shape and function.

A common monosaccharide, a major source of energy for cells.

A monosaccharide found in fruits, the sweetest of the monosaccharides.

A monosaccharide found in milk, often combined with glucose or fructose.

A polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals; it is highly branched.

A polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants; it exists in two forms: branched and unbranched.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed themselves, acting as biological catalysts.

Enzymes are sensitive to environmental changes like temperature and pH, which can alter their shape and ability to function.

Lipids are large, nonpolar organic molecules that don't dissolve in water, but store energy efficiently.

Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water, while hydrophobic molecules repel water.

Fatty acids are unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids. The carboxyl end is hydrophilic, while the hydrocarbon end is hydrophobic.

Saturated fatty acids have all carbon atoms bonded to the maximum number of atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds within the carbon chain.

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides, each consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.

DNA is a double-stranded helix that stores genetic information, providing a blueprint for all living things.