Biology Chapter: Characteristics of Life

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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristics of living things? (Select all that apply)

Transform energy (correct)
Adapt and evolve (correct)
Store/Process info (DNA genome passed down) (correct)
Grow and reproduce (correct)
Consists of cells (correct)

How are organisms classified?

Organisms are classified according to a binomial system in Taxonomic Ranks. The system uses Genus and Species (species: group capable of interbreeding).

What are the concepts of the Cell Theory? (Select all that apply)

All organisms are composed of cells (correct)
Smallest thing that can be alive (correct)
Cells were the first form of life on earth.
Cells arise only from preexisting cells (correct)
Cells are found in all kingdoms of life

What are Emergent Properties?

"Whole is greater than the sum of parts" Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of things at a population level?

Population-> species -> community -> ecosystem -> biosphere (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an atom? What are valence electrons?

The smallest stable part of the cell. Valence electrons are on the outermost ring and are the ones which interact with other atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

A substance which can't be broken down. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Atomic number = # of protons Atomic mass = sum of mass of protons and neutrons Mass = amount of a substance Weight = the force exerted on gravity on substance Isotopes = have a different number of protons than the original. Ions = have a different number of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which bond is the strongest and which is the weakest?

Covalent ----> Ionic ----> Hydrogen (sharing of H atom). Strongest to weakest. Signup and view all the answers

Why is water so essential for life?

Water's properties make it crucial for life, including cohesion, adhesion, specific heat capacity and universal solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains of living organisms?

Bacteria (C), Archaea (D), Eukarya (E) Signup and view all the answers

What are the classes of Eukarya? There may be more than one correct answer:

Animalia: Lack cell walls, obtain energy through ingesting other organisms (A), Fungi: Cells walls of chitin, get energy by secreting digesting enzymes then absorbing products they release from the external environment. (B), Plantae: Have cell walls,cellulose, and use photosynthesis (C), Protista: All unicellular Eukaryotes except yeasts (which are fungi) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are molecules and what are compounds?

Molecules are Groups of atoms held together in a stable association. Compounds are Molecules with more than one type of element. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four macromolecules? (Select all that apply)

Carbohydrates (A), Proteins (B), Nucleic Acids (D), Lipids (E) Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, which contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of Nucleic Acids?

Nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base. Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids, which contain an amino group, carboxyl group, single hydrogen, and R group. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four structures of a protein?

The four structures of a protein are Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary. Signup and view all the answers

What do prokaryotes contain in the cell? There may be more than one correct answer.

DNA (A), preform photosynthesis (B), ribosomes (C), membrane (D), preform respiration (F) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell components with their functions:

Cell wall = Provides structural support and protection to plant cells Membrane = Regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell Nucleus = Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) Ribosomes = Synthesize proteins Endoplasmic reticulum = Synthesizes lipids, proteins, stores calcium, and detoxifies molecules Golgi apparatus = Processes and packages proteins and lipids, and synthesizes carbohydrates Lysosomes = Break down cellular waste products Peroxisomes = Enclose a variety of enzymatic reactions, break down fatty acids, and detoxify molecules Cytoplasm = The fluid that fills the cell and contains the organelles Cytosol = The fluid portion of the cytoplasm excluding organelles Mitochondria = Produce energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration Chloroplasts = Perform photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Living Things Characteristics

Living things share five key characteristics: being made of cells, storing/processing information (DNA), transforming energy, growing and reproducing, and adapting and evolving.

Organism Classification

Organisms are classified into taxonomic ranks, primarily using a binomial system (genus-species), where species are groups of interbreeding organisms.

Cell Theory Concepts

All living things are composed of cells; the cell is the smallest living unit; cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

Emergent Properties

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts; even if individual cells look similar, the larger the organism, the differences become apparent.