Biology Chapter: Cellular Respiration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

  • In the nucleus
  • In the cristae of the mitochondrion (correct)
  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the endoplasmic reticulum

What is one of the products created when NADH and FADHâ‚‚ enter the Electron Transport Chain?

  • Glucose
  • Acetyl CoA
  • Lactic acid
  • NAD (correct)

What is the primary entry molecule into the Krebs Cycle?

  • Citrate
  • Oxaloacetate
  • Acetyl CoA (correct)
  • NADH

What is the total ATP produced from the Electron Transport Chain per cycle?

<p>32 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs Cycle?

<p>FADH2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances must be formed before the Krebs cycle can begin?

<p>Acetyl CoA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced during one turn of the Krebs Cycle?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which product of the Electron Transport Chain is also important for cellular respiration?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do NAD+ and FAD play in the Krebs Cycle?

<p>They remove electrons from the cycle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Krebs Cycle, what happens to the carbon atoms from Acetyl CoA?

<p>They are removed as carbon dioxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total net gain of ATP from anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

<p>2 ATPs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does anaerobic respiration primarily occur within a cell?

<p>Cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance accumulates in muscles during anaerobic respiration and can cause soreness?

<p>Lactic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does NAD play in anaerobic respiration?

<p>It returns to glycolysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the fermentation step in anaerobic respiration?

<p>It produces lactic acid or alcohol. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of alcoholic fermentation in living organisms?

<p>To regenerate NAD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is produced as a byproduct of alcoholic fermentation?

<p>Ethanol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In alcoholic fermentation, what happens to pyruvic acid?

<p>It bonds with hydrogen to form ethanol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to NAD during alcoholic fermentation?

<p>It is regenerated and returns to glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is required for alcoholic fermentation to occur?

<p>Absence of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net amount of ATP produced during anaerobic respiration?

<p>2 ATPs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms primarily undergoes anaerobic respiration?

<p>Yeast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do glycolysis and fermentation occur within a cell?

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced alongside pyruvic acid during the initial stages of anaerobic respiration?

<p>NADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does oxygen play in anaerobic respiration?

<p>Not required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

<p>2 ATPs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products moves on to the next stage of cellular respiration after glycolysis?

<p>NADH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition does anaerobic respiration occur?

<p>When oxygen is not available (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In glycolysis, how many molecules of pyruvic acid are produced from the breakdown of glucose?

<p>2 pyruvic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does NAD play in glycolysis?

<p>It picks up H and electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis?

<p>To break down glucose to obtain ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?

<p>Cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lysis' in glycolysis refer to?

<p>Dissolving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is primarily involved in picking up hydrogen and electrons during glycolysis?

<p>NAD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

<p>To produce ATP molecules from glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of respiration initiates with glycolysis?

<p>Both Aerobic and Anaerobic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of respiration occurs in organisms that do not use oxygen?

<p>Anaerobic respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

<p>Cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of NAD in respiration?

<p>To act as an electron carrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about aerobic respiration is true?

<p>It requires oxygen and occurs in both the cytoplasm and mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electron Transport Chain location

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occurs within the cristae of mitochondria.

ETC's primary input

FADHâ‚‚ and NADH are the main inputs to the Electron Transport Chain.

ETC's primary output (1)

The Electron Transport Chain produces 32 ATP molecules.

ETC's primary output (2)

The Electron Transport Chain also produces water (Hâ‚‚O).

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ETC process- regenerates inputs

The ETC regenerates FAD and NAD, which return to the Krebs cycle or Glycolysis.

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Krebs Cycle purpose

A crucial part of aerobic respiration, producing energy for the cell

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Acetyl CoA entry

Two Acetyl CoA molecules enter the Krebs cycle, initiating the process.

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Carbon Dioxide Release

CO2 is released during the cycle; a byproduct of the process

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Energy Carrier Production

NAD+ and FAD capture high-energy molecules, carrying electrons for ATP production

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ATP Production in Krebs Cycle

The Krebs Cycle produces 2 ATP molecules

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Anaerobic Respiration

A type of energy production in the cytoplasm that generates less ATP (2) than aerobic respiration. It occurs in the absence of oxygen.

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Glycolysis

The first step of anaerobic respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate, generating 2 ATP molecules.

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Fermentation

The second step of anaerobic respiration, where pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (animals) or ethanol (plants/yeast). Does not generate ATP.

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Lactic Acid Build-up

A common consequence of anaerobic respiration in animals. It causes muscle soreness after intense exercise.

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NAD's Role

NAD is a molecule that carries electrons during glycolysis and fermentation, and is recycled for further use.

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Who uses Anaerobic Respiration?

Bacteria, plants, fungi (yeast), and animals (muscle cells) can all perform anaerobic respiration.

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Net ATP produced in Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration produces a net of 2 ATP molecules.

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Alcoholic Fermentation

A metabolic process where yeast, plants, and bacteria convert pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide without generating ATP, but regenerating NAD.

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Pyruvate Conversion

In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing NAD for glycolysis.

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NAD Regeneration

Alcoholic fermentation regenerates NAD by transferring electrons from pyruvate to ethanol, allowing glycolysis to continue.

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Ethanol Production

The end product of alcoholic fermentation is ethanol, an alcohol.

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Cellular Respiration Purpose

Cellular respiration is the process living organisms use to create ATP molecules from glucose, providing energy for cellular functions.

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Where does glycolysis occur?

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell, the fluid outside the nucleus.

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What does glycolysis produce?

Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.

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What is NAD's role in glycolysis?

NAD is an enzyme that accepts electrons and hydrogen atoms during glycolysis, similar to NADP in photosynthesis.

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What is the significance of glycolysis?

Glycolysis is the only step in respiration that can occur without oxygen, making it vital for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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Glycolysis Products

The breakdown of glucose in glycolysis produces 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP molecules (net gain), and 2 NADH molecules. These products are essential for the continuation of cellular respiration.

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What happens to pyruvate?

Pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, can follow two different pathways depending on the presence of oxygen: Aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen, or anaerobic respiration in the absence of oxygen.

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, leading to the breakdown of pyruvate to produce significantly more ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, producing a much smaller amount of ATP.

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Net vs. Gross ATP

In glycolysis, 4 ATP molecules are produced (gross), but 2 ATP molecules are used during the process. Therefore, the net gain of ATP in glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules.

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Study Notes

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  • Occurs in the cristae of a mitochondrion.
  • FADHâ‚‚ and NADH enter and create:
    • 32 ATP
    • Hâ‚‚O
    • FAD (regenerated and return to Krebs) or NAD (regenerated and return to Glycolysis)

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Description

Test your knowledge of cellular respiration, including the Electron Transport Chain and Krebs Cycle. This quiz covers processes, products, and the significance of various molecules involved in aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Ideal for students looking to strengthen their understanding of these critical biological functions.

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