Biology Chapter: Cells and Organelles

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

Which statement correctly distinguishes between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

Which component of a cell is responsible for separating the inside of the cell from the external environment?

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

What is the primary function of vesicles in a cell?

Which type of cell contains a nucleus?

What are lysosomes primarily responsible for?

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

What is the function of the ribosomes in a cell?

What component is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?

What role do phagocytes play in the immune response?

Which structure is primarily responsible for packaging proteins for use in the cell?

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differentiated by?

Cells

Cells are the basic living units of organisms.
All cells share three fundamental components: a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.
The cell membrane separates the cell's interior from its surroundings.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance within the cell.
DNA is the cell's genetic material.
Two major cell types exist: eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic cells are complex, possess organelles (specialized parts), and are found in plants and animals.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and are always part of single-celled organisms.

Organelles

Organelles are specialized cell parts, analogous to organs in a body.
The nucleus is the cell's control center, containing DNA that directs cellular activities.
DNA exists as chromatin when not dividing; during division, it condenses into chromosomes.
The nucleolus, within the nucleus, produces ribosomes.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
Ribosomes can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
The ER comes in two forms: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes).
The ER transports substances to the Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins.
Vacuoles store materials.
Lysosomes are cellular "garbage collectors," containing enzymes to break down waste.
Mitochondria are the cell's energy producers, creating ATP during cellular respiration.
The cytoskeleton includes microfilaments (protein threads) and microtubules (hollow tubes).
Plant cells uniquely possess a cell wall.

Second Line of Defense

The body employs general strategies to combat pathogens.
Maintaining a higher body temperature (fever) slows or eliminates some pathogens.
Inflammation brings more blood cells to a site of infection, aiding in pathogen destruction.
Phagocytes, a type of white blood cell, engulf and destroy pathogens.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of cells and organelles, including their structures and functions. Understand the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and the roles of various organelles. Test your knowledge on how these components contribute to the life of an organism.