Biology Chapter: Cell Theory and Structure

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What was the primary conclusion made by Rudolph Virchow regarding cells?

All cells have membranes.

Cells are not considered to be living organisms.

All cells come from other pre-existing cells. (correct)

Cells can arise from non-living materials.

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of the nucleus?

Robert Hooke

Robert Brown (correct)

Matthias Schleiden

Theodor Schwann

What is NOT a component that all cells have?

Ribosomes

Plasma membrane

Chloroplasts (correct)

Cytoplasm

Which statement best describes the concept of spontaneous generation?

Life can come from something non-living. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to recognize that all plants are made up of cells?

Matthias Schleiden Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

To control what passes in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance and function of the nuclear lamina?

It gives structure and stability to the nuclear membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for making ribosome subunits?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What does the nuclear envelope consist of?

A double membrane with nuclear pores Signup and view all the answers

Where is the nucleoplasm located?

Inside the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

To facilitate cell recognition and signaling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of microtubules in centrioles?

9+0 arrangement in triplets Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which two organelles are known to have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom is part of the Eukarya domain?

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Louis Pasteur's Swan Neck Flask Experiment?

It disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cells would you expect to find a cell wall?

Plant and bacterial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to prokaryotic cells?

Absence of a true nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells?

Lack of internal membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes organisms with a true nucleus?

Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?

Eubacteria Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'karyote' refer to in the context of cell types?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a prokaryotic cell?

It is simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cytoplasm in a cell?

To provide a medium for chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for muscle contraction?

Actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What are spindle fibers composed of?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin made up of?

Long strands of DNA and proteins Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes primarily assembled within a cell?

In the nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Synthesis and modification of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

It helps in the synthesis of membrane lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vacuoles in plant cells?

Storage of cell sap Signup and view all the answers

What function does the contractile vacuole perform in unicellular protists?

Regulation of water intake and homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is correct?

The rough ER and smooth ER serve different functions in the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What role do mitochondria primarily serve in the cell?

Generating cellular energy (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compartments is NOT part of the mitochondrial structure?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural arrangement of centrioles during cell division?

9 + 0 arrangement of rods Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure contains its own DNA?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about mitochondria is incorrect?

They synthesize proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) play in the endomembrane system?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transport vesicles in the endomembrane system?

Carry materials between organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for allowing materials to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

Nuclear Pores Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances are produced by the endomembrane system?

Glycoproteins and lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in a cell?

To move small particles across the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is characterized by a '9 + 2' arrangement?

Cilia and flagella Signup and view all the answers

What role do lysosomes play in a cell?

To break down food and worn-out cell parts Signup and view all the answers

How do flagella differ from cilia?

Flagella move in a whip-like fashion and are longer Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the process of apoptosis involving lysosomes?

Release of hydrolytic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What function do chloroplasts serve in plant cells?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts have their own DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of free-floating ribosomes in a cell?

They synthesize proteins that remain within the cell. Signup and view all the answers

How is energy stored in chloroplasts after photosynthesis?

As carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to chloroplasts compared to ribosomes?

Presence of three membranes Signup and view all the answers