Biology Chapter: Cell Structure and Atomic Structure

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Questions and Answers

Which component is found only in eukaryotic cells?

  • DNA
  • Chloroplasts (correct)
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell membrane

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

False (B)

What process describes the passive movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane?

Osmosis

The maximum number of electrons in the first energy level (shell) is ______.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atomic models with their developers:

<p>Dalton = Solid spheres Thomson = Plum pudding model Rutherford = Nuclear model Bohr = Electrons in fixed orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group on the periodic table contains very reactive metals?

<p>Group 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reactivity decreases down Group 7.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating magnification?

<p>Magnification = Image size / Actual size</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cell

A cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell

A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are examples.

Diffusion

The passive movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

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Active Transport

The movement of substances across a membrane using energy (ATP).

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

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Energy transfer (mechanically)

Energy transfer by force doing work like pushing something.

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Electron Configuration

Arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atom's nucleus.

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Study Notes

### Eukaryotic Cell Component

  • The nucleus is found only in eukaryotic cells.

### Prokaryotic Cells

  • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

### Passive Movement of Water

  • Osmosis is the passive movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

### Maximum Electrons in First Energy Level

  • The maximum number of electrons in the first energy level (shell) is two.

### Atomic Models and Developers

  • John Dalton proposed the atomic model as a solid sphere.
  • J.J. Thomson discovered the electron and proposed the plum pudding model.
  • Rutherford conducted the gold foil experiment which led to the discovery of the nucleus and the nuclear model.
  • Bohr proposed the planetary model, where electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.

### Reactive Metals

  • Group 1 on the periodic table contains very reactive metals, also known as alkali metals.

### Reactivity of Halogens

  • Reactivity decreases down Group 7, which contains halogens.

### Magnification Formula

  • Magnification is calculated using the formula: Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size.

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