19 Questions
What is the result of mitosis?
Two diploid cells
Meiosis occurs in the reproductive cells of plants.
True
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Increased genetic variation and diversity
The process of asexual reproduction requires ______ parent.
one
Match the hormones with their functions in human reproduction:
FSH = stimulates production of estrogen in ovaries Testosterone = develops secondary sex characteristics in males Estrogen = develops secondary sex characteristics in females
How many chromosomes are in human gametes?
23
Mitosis produces four haploid cells.
False
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix with sugar and phosphate molecules
What is the function of FSH in females?
Stimulates production of estrogen in ovaries
Testosterone develops secondary sex characteristics in females.
False
What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?
Stores sperm while they mature
What is the importance of mitosis?
It allows for growth and repair of tissues
The ______________ gland produces seminal fluid to mix with sperm.
prostate
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
True
Match the following structures with their functions in the female reproductive system:
Ovaries = Produces estrogen and progesterone, where eggs mature Fallopian tubes = Carries egg to uterus from ovary Uterus = Where a fertilized egg will develop into a baby Follicle = Provides nourishment/supports to the egg before ovulation
What is the difference between the number of chromosomes in human gametes and the number of chromosomes in all other cells in the human body?
Human gametes have 23 chromosomes, while all other cells in the human body have 46 chromosomes.
Meiosis takes a ______________ (diploid or haploid) cell and produces gametes which are ______________ (diploid or haploid).
diploid, haploid
Match the stages of the cell cycle with their descriptions:
Interphase = Cell growth and preparation for cell division Mitosis = Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells Cytokinesis = Physical separation of daughter cells
All cells in the human body are produced using mitosis.
False
Study Notes
Cell Division
- Mitosis: recognizes 4 stages, labels diagrams, and explains each stage
- Mitosis takes a diploid cell and produces 2 diploid cells
- Mitosis is important for growth, development, and tissue repair
Asexual Reproduction
- Requires only 1 parent
- Advantages: rapid population growth, stable genetic makeup
- Disadvantages: limited genetic variation, vulnerable to disease
Meiosis
- Takes a diploid cell and produces 4 haploid gametes
- Occurs in gonads (ovaries and testes)
- Produces 2 possible products: egg and sperm cells
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
- Egg and sperm combine to form a zygote
- Egg and sperm are haploid, combining to form a diploid zygote
- Human gametes (egg and sperm) contain 23 chromosomes each
- Other human body cells contain 46 chromosomes
- Advantage: increased genetic variation
- Disadvantages: slower population growth, potential for genetic disorders
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Flowering plants produce seeds, while coniferous plants produce cones
DNA and Genes
- DNA structure: double helix with sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases
- Chromosomes, genes, and DNA are related: chromosomes contain genes, which are made of DNA
- Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- 3 steps in the cell cycle: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Human Reproduction
- Hormones:
- FSH: promotes sperm development in males, stimulates estrogen production in females
- Testosterone: develops secondary sex characteristics in males
- Estrogen: develops secondary sex characteristics in females, triggers LH release
- Progesterone: decreases LH and FSH to prevent another egg release
- Male reproductive system:
- Epididymis: stores sperm while they mature
- Vas deferens: carries semen from testes to urethra
- Prostate: produces seminal fluid to mix with sperm
- Seminiferous tubules: produce sperm
- Female reproductive system:
- Ovary: produces estrogen, progesterone, and eggs
- Fallopian tubes: carry egg to uterus from ovary
- Uterus: where a fertilized egg develops into a baby
- Follicle: provides nourishment/support to the egg before ovulation
Mitosis
- Recognize and label the stages of mitosis, explaining what occurs in each stage
- Mitosis has 4 stages
- Mitosis takes a diploid cell and produces 2 diploid cells
- Mitosis is important for growth, repair, and replacement of cells in the body
Asexual Reproduction
- Only 1 parent is required for asexual reproduction
- Advantages of asexual reproduction: rapid production of offspring, no genetic variation, and adaptation to environment
- Disadvantages of asexual reproduction: lack of genetic variation, making it vulnerable to disease and environmental changes
Meiosis
- Meiosis takes a diploid cell and produces 4 haploid gametes
- Meiosis occurs in the reproductive organs (testes and ovaries)
- The 2 possible products of meiosis are sperm and egg cells
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
- The combination of egg and sperm forms a diploid zygote
- Egg and sperm cells are haploid, containing half the required genetic information, which combine to form a diploid cell with all the required genetic information
- Human gametes (egg and sperm cells) have 23 chromosomes
- All other human body cells have 46 chromosomes
- An advantage of sexual reproduction is increased genetic variation, and 2 disadvantages are the need for 2 parents and the potential for genetic defects
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Flowering plants produce seeds, while coniferous plants produce cones
DNA and Genes
- DNA has a double helix structure
- Chromosomes, genes, and DNA are related, with genes being segments of DNA that code for specific traits, and chromosomes being thread-like structures made up of DNA and genes, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- The 3 steps in the cell cycle are Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis
Human Reproduction
- FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) promotes sperm development in males and stimulates estrogen production in females
- Testosterone develops secondary sex characteristics in males
- Estrogen develops secondary sex characteristics in females and triggers LH release
- Progesterone decreases LH and FSH to prevent another egg cell release
- Epididymis stores sperm while they mature
- Vas deferens carries semen from testes to urethra
- Prostate Gland produces seminal fluid to mix with sperm
- Ovaries produce estrogen, progesterone, and are where eggs mature
- Fallopian tubes carry eggs to uterus from ovary
- Uterus is where a fertilized egg will develop into a baby
- Seminiferous tubules produce sperm
- Follicle provides nourishment/supports to the egg before ovulation
Test your knowledge of mitosis, asexual reproduction, and meiosis. Identify stages of cell division, explain their importance, and recognize the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction.
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