Questions and Answers
What three reactants are necessary for the process of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
What are organisms such as plants and algae that can make their own food called?
autotroph
What is the name of the major light absorbing green pigment in photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
Name two main stages of photosynthesis.
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What stage of photosynthesis are energy molecules produced?
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What stage of photosynthesis is sugar made?
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What is the name of the final cycle in photosynthesis where sugar is made?
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Where does most of the energy for life processes originally come from?
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What is the name for an organism that depends on plants or organisms that eat plants for its energy (food) source?
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What is the process that converts light energy to chemical energy?
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Which organism carries out both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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What is the role of chloroplasts and mitochondria in the plant cell?
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What type of organisms carry out photosynthesis?
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What is the relationship between chloroplasts and photosynthesis?
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What is the relationship between photosynthesis and oxygen?
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What atmospheric by-product is released during photosynthesis?
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Where does the oxygen released during photosynthesis come from?
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Name 2 energy products that are made in the light reactions and needed in the dark reaction/Calvin cycle.
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What cycle converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds?
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What reactants are used in cellular respiration?
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What products are made in cellular respiration?
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Does glycolysis depend on oxygen? Is it aerobic or anaerobic?
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Name the two types of fermentation.
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Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
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Name the two main types of organisms that perform cellular respiration.
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Name the 3 stages of cellular respiration.
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If oxygen is absent, what process occurs after glycolysis?
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What is the purpose of glycolysis?
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What energy molecule is released from the breakdown of glucose?
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Under what condition does fermentation recycle NAD+?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Reactants needed: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
- Organisms that produce their own food are called autotrophs.
- Major pigment for photosynthesis: chlorophyll.
Stages of Photosynthesis
- Two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
- Light-dependent reactions convert light energy into ATP and NADPH.
- The Calvin cycle is where sugar (glucose) is synthesized.
Energy Sources
- The sun is the primary energy source for all life processes.
- Heterotrophs are organisms that rely on plants or other organisms for energy.
Process of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.
- Plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
- Chloroplasts capture light and facilitate photosynthesis while mitochondria convert sugars back into energy.
Chloroplasts and Oxygen Production
- Chloroplasts are responsible for gathering light energy and giving plants their green color.
- Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis, produced from the splitting of water during light-dependent reactions.
Energy Products of Photosynthesis
- ATP and NADPH are energy molecules generated in light reactions and utilized in the Calvin cycle.
- The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds.
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Reactants used: glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).
- Products generated: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ATP.
Glycolysis and Fermentation
- Glycolysis does not depend on oxygen; it is anaerobic.
- Following glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, fermentation occurs, which can be either lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation.
- Purpose of glycolysis: to break down one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules.
- Energy molecule produced from glucose breakdown: ATP.
Stages of Cellular Respiration
- Three stages involve: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Fermentation occurs under anaerobic conditions when oxygen is absent and recycles NAD+.
Types of Organisms
- Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
- Fermentation is an anaerobic process.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on photosynthesis from Biology Chapter 9. This quiz covers essential concepts, including the reactants and pigments involved in photosynthesis. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of this vital biological process.
