Biology Chapter 9 Photosynthesis Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What three reactants are necessary for the process of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide, water and sunlight

What are organisms such as plants and algae that can make their own food called?

autotroph

What is the name of the major light absorbing green pigment in photosynthesis?

chlorophyll

Name two main stages of photosynthesis.

<p>Light independent reaction and light dependent reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of photosynthesis are energy molecules produced?

<p>step 2 or light conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of photosynthesis is sugar made?

<p>step 3 or Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the final cycle in photosynthesis where sugar is made?

<p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does most of the energy for life processes originally come from?

<p>the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for an organism that depends on plants or organisms that eat plants for its energy (food) source?

<p>heterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that converts light energy to chemical energy?

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism carries out both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

<p>plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chloroplasts and mitochondria in the plant cell?

<p>Chloroplasts convert light energy into sugars; mitochondria produce energy through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms carry out photosynthesis?

<p>many plants, protists, bacteria, cyanobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between chloroplasts and photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplasts gather light and enable photosynthesis while giving plants their green color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and oxygen?

<p>Water is broken down to form oxygen, which is released during photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atmospheric by-product is released during photosynthesis?

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the oxygen released during photosynthesis come from?

<p>The splitting of water during the light dependent reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name 2 energy products that are made in the light reactions and needed in the dark reaction/Calvin cycle.

<p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cycle converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds?

<p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reactants are used in cellular respiration?

<p>C6H12O6 + O2; glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What products are made in cellular respiration?

<p>H2O, CO2, ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does glycolysis depend on oxygen? Is it aerobic or anaerobic?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two types of fermentation.

<p>lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic/ethyl fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two main types of organisms that perform cellular respiration.

<p>plant and animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the 3 stages of cellular respiration.

<p>glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

If oxygen is absent, what process occurs after glycolysis?

<p>fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

<p>break down one molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy molecule is released from the breakdown of glucose?

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition does fermentation recycle NAD+?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis Overview

  • Reactants needed: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
  • Organisms that produce their own food are called autotrophs.
  • Major pigment for photosynthesis: chlorophyll.

Stages of Photosynthesis

  • Two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
  • Light-dependent reactions convert light energy into ATP and NADPH.
  • The Calvin cycle is where sugar (glucose) is synthesized.

Energy Sources

  • The sun is the primary energy source for all life processes.
  • Heterotrophs are organisms that rely on plants or other organisms for energy.

Process of Photosynthesis

  • Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.
  • Plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
  • Chloroplasts capture light and facilitate photosynthesis while mitochondria convert sugars back into energy.

Chloroplasts and Oxygen Production

  • Chloroplasts are responsible for gathering light energy and giving plants their green color.
  • Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis, produced from the splitting of water during light-dependent reactions.

Energy Products of Photosynthesis

  • ATP and NADPH are energy molecules generated in light reactions and utilized in the Calvin cycle.
  • The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

Cellular Respiration Overview

  • Reactants used: glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).
  • Products generated: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ATP.

Glycolysis and Fermentation

  • Glycolysis does not depend on oxygen; it is anaerobic.
  • Following glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, fermentation occurs, which can be either lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation.
  • Purpose of glycolysis: to break down one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules.
  • Energy molecule produced from glucose breakdown: ATP.

Stages of Cellular Respiration

  • Three stages involve: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
  • Fermentation occurs under anaerobic conditions when oxygen is absent and recycles NAD+.

Types of Organisms

  • Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
  • Fermentation is an anaerobic process.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on photosynthesis from Biology Chapter 9. This quiz covers essential concepts, including the reactants and pigments involved in photosynthesis. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of this vital biological process.

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