Biology Chapter 9: Immunity and Lymphatic System

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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

To synthesize vitamin D
To protect the body from invasion by micro-organisms (correct)
To aid in the removal of waste
To regulate body temperature

What is the main function of keratin in the skin?

To protect the skin from invasion (correct)
To regulate body temperature
To protect the skin from UV light
To synthesize vitamin D

What determines skin color?

Only melanin
A combination of melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin (correct)
Only hemoglobin
Only carotene

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis responsible for?

Cell division and growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dermis layer of the skin?

To contain most of the structures in the skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the loss of melanin-producing cells?

Vitiligo (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hair shaft?

Protection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Type of sweat produced (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Production of sebum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the white patches that appear on the skin when melanocytes disappear?

Vitiligo (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the nipple-like projections in the dermis that produce the prints on skin?

Dermal papillae (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, collagen, and elastic fibers?

Dermis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lunula?

To appear as a whitish moon-shaped area at the base of the nail body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What layer of tissue connects the epidermis and dermis to other tissues?

Hypodermis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

To produce, transport, and store cells that fight infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is the hypodermis composed of?

Loose connective (adipose and areolar) tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

To filter blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lymphatic organs that destroy bacteria in the wall of the intestines?

Peyer's patches (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to tissue fluid?

To absorb excess fluid from the tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interferons in the immune system?

To protect non-infected cells from viral infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of complement proteins?

Formation of a membrane attack complex that bursts bacteria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer cells?

To kill abnormal cells by releasing granules containing perforin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of inflammation?

Redness due to increased blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is phagocytosis?

The process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles or bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ingestion of microbes by cells?

Phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of immunity that involves the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

Antibody mediated immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is directed against intracellular pathogens, some cancer cells, and tissue transplants?

Cell mediated immunity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for substances secreted by immune cells that have an effect on other cells?

Cytokines (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which activated B cells transform into?

Plasma cells and memory cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to leftover plasma cells after the immune response is over?

They undergo apoptosis and are destroyed (A) Signup and view all the answers