30 Questions
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
To protect the body from invasion by micro-organisms
What is the main function of keratin in the skin?
To protect the skin from invasion
What determines skin color?
A combination of melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis responsible for?
Cell division and growth
What is the function of the dermis layer of the skin?
To contain most of the structures in the skin
What is the condition characterized by the loss of melanin-producing cells?
Vitiligo
What is the primary function of the hair shaft?
Protection
What is the main difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
Type of sweat produced
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
Production of sebum
What is the term for the white patches that appear on the skin when melanocytes disappear?
Vitiligo
What is the term for the nipple-like projections in the dermis that produce the prints on skin?
Dermal papillae
What is the term for the layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, collagen, and elastic fibers?
Dermis
What is the function of the lunula?
To appear as a whitish moon-shaped area at the base of the nail body
What layer of tissue connects the epidermis and dermis to other tissues?
Hypodermis
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
To produce, transport, and store cells that fight infection
What type of tissue is the hypodermis composed of?
Loose connective (adipose and areolar) tissue
What is the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?
To filter blood
What is the name of the lymphatic organs that destroy bacteria in the wall of the intestines?
Peyer's patches
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to tissue fluid?
To absorb excess fluid from the tissues
What is the role of interferons in the immune system?
To protect non-infected cells from viral infection
What is the result of the activation of complement proteins?
Formation of a membrane attack complex that bursts bacteria
What is the function of natural killer cells?
To kill abnormal cells by releasing granules containing perforin
What is a symptom of inflammation?
Redness due to increased blood flow
What is phagocytosis?
The process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles or bacteria
What is the term for the ingestion of microbes by cells?
Phagocytosis
What is the type of immunity that involves the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies?
Antibody mediated immunity
Which type of immunity is directed against intracellular pathogens, some cancer cells, and tissue transplants?
Cell mediated immunity
What is the term for substances secreted by immune cells that have an effect on other cells?
Cytokines
What is the process by which activated B cells transform into?
Plasma cells and memory cells
What happens to leftover plasma cells after the immune response is over?
They undergo apoptosis and are destroyed
Test your knowledge of the immune system, including the body's first, second, and specific lines of defense, antimicrobial substances, and the integumentary system. Learn about the functions of skin and mucous membranes, and how they protect the body from microorganisms.
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