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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the process of respiration?
To release energy from the molecules of food
Where does aerobic respiration take place in the cell?
In the mitochondria
What is the byproduct of glucose breakdown during aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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What is the result of lactic acid buildup in the muscles?
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What is necessary to break down lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration?
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What is the name of the process by which plants and some other organisms produce glucose using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide?
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What is the term for an organism that can produce its own food through photosynthesis?
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What is the by-product of photosynthesis that is released into the air?
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What is the name of the process by which yeast produces ethanol, a type of alcohol?
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What is the term for a lack of essential minerals in the soil that can affect plant growth?
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What is the purpose of the waxy layer on the surface of leaves?
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Study Notes
Respiration
- Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food molecules, occurring in mitochondria.
- Aerobic respiration involves oxygen and is more efficient, breaking down glucose to release energy: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
- Glucose is transported to cells in blood plasma, while oxygen is transported by binding with haemoglobin in red blood cells.
- Carbon dioxide, a waste product, is transported from cells to lungs for exhalation.
- Anaerobic respiration lacks oxygen, releasing less energy, and produces lactic acid: glucose → lactic acid.
- Anaerobic respiration causes muscle cramps and can lead to an oxygen debt if not broken down.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process of producing glucose using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide: water + carbon dioxide + sunlight → glucose + oxygen.
- This process occurs in chloroplasts and is found in producers, including plants and some organisms like algae.
- The rate of photosynthesis is affected by:
- Light intensity: increases rate up to a point.
- Carbon dioxide concentration: increases rate up to a point.
- Temperature: has an optimum temperature for highest rate.
Fermentation
- Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration in yeast, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide: glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide.
- This process can be used to form alcohol for drinking or for bread and cake production.
Plant Minerals
- Plants need minerals like nitrates, phosphates, potassium, and magnesium for healthy growth.
- Mineral deficiencies can cause poor growth, yellowing leaves, and other problems.
- Fertilisers can be used to prevent mineral deficiencies.
Leaf Adaptations
- Leaves have adaptations for photosynthesis, including:
- Thin structure to allow light through.
- High concentration of chlorophyll to absorb light.
- Large surface area to absorb light.
- Waxy layer to reduce water loss.
- Chloroplasts located on the upper side for maximum sunlight exposure.
- Stomata on the lower surface to reduce water loss.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of respiration, including aerobic respiration, the role of mitochondria, and the transport of glucose and oxygen in the body. Test your knowledge of ecosystems and respiration!
