Biology Chapter 9 & 10: Genetics Quiz

Chapter 9: Mendelian Genetics

• Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics.
• An allele is a variant form of a gene.
• True-breeding individuals have a homogenous genotype.
• Individuals with two copies of the same allele are homozygous.
• A dihybrid cross involves individuals heterozygous for two traits.
• Pleiotropy is when a single gene affects multiple traits.
• One parent contributes one allele to a gamete.
• Punnett squares predict offspring outcomes (not perfectly accurate).
• A heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent could predict 50% homozygous recessive offspring.

Chapter 10: Chromosomes and Inheritance

• Sex chromosomes determine sex.
• Genetic disorders can arise from mutations in multiple genes.
• New allele combinations result from crossing-over, random fertilization, and independent assortment.
• Pedigrees are used to study inheritance patterns in families.
• The father determines the sex of a child.
• Autosomal chromosomes are non-sex chromosomes.
• Translocation is the movement of a chromosome segment to another chromosome.
• A pedigree displays family relationships and genetic traits.
• Independent assortment occurs in Metaphase I of meiosis.

Chapter 11: DNA Structure and Repair

• Housekeeping genes maintain cellular functions.
• DNA repair processes include removal and replacement of damaged bases.
• A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
• A base pair consists of two nitrogenous bases, held together by hydrogen bonds.
• Transcription is converting DNA to RNA.
• mRNA delivers genetic information to ribosomes.
• Translation converts mRNA into proteins at the ribosomes.

Chapter 12: Protein Synthesis

• AUG is the start codon.
• UAG is a stop codon.
• DNA is single-stranded, RNA is single-stranded.
• Types of mutations include insertions, deletions, and substitutions, not addition.
• tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome.