32 Questions
What are the three main ways cells signal to each other in large organisms?
Exocytosis, gap junctions, and local signaling
Which of the following is not a function of cellular signals in multicellular organisms?
Fusing cells together
What is one key function of hormones in cellular communication?
Carrying signals from one part of the body to another
What is the consequence of the body not having enough energy produced by mitochondria?
The system may fail to function and even die
How do gap junctions contribute to cellular communication?
By allowing direct passage of signals between adjacent cells
What role do exocytosis processes play in cellular communication?
They release signal molecules that bind to receptors on other cells
What is a major symptom caused by LCHRs (Leigh-like congenital lactic acidosis hereditary recessive disorders)?
Deficiency of mitochondria
How do hormones differ from other signal molecules in terms of cellular communication?
They typically signal over longer distances and take more time
What is a key characteristic of cells in multicellular organisms?
They are specialized and interdependent.
How do cells specialize within a multicellular organism?
By turning specific genes on or off.
What role do red blood cells play in the body?
They carry oxygen to and from the body.
Where are chloroplasts typically found in a plant?
In the leaves of the plant.
What is the function of white blood cells?
To assist in healing and protecting tissues.
What unique feature do cells in the upper epidermis of some plants have?
They make water-borne flowers.
What is NOT a function of specialized cells in plants?
Energy storage in roots.
What determines the unique function of a specialized cell?
The arrangement of the cells in a multicellular organism.
Which organ has the highest percentage of cell volume attributed to mitochondria?
Heart, left ventricle
How does the organization of cells into tissues, organs, and organ systems benefit a multicellular organism?
It allows the organism to maintain homeostasis
Why are tissues reliant on ATP production adversely affected by defective mitochondria?
Mitochondria are responsible for energy production
Which level of organization is directly responsible for performing a specific function within multicellular organisms?
Tissues
How would you graph the distribution of mitochondria in various organs?
Using bar chart for comparative volume percentage
Which statement best describes the role of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a particular function
What is a potential consequence of having defective mitochondria in heart tissue?
Decreased ATP production
What constitutes an organ system in the provided example?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
How do single-celled organisms maintain homeostasis?
By growing, metabolizing, reacting to environmental changes, and reproducing
Which of the following is not a way multicellular cells work together to maintain homeostasis?
Individually searching for energy sources
What is essential for unicellular organisms to successfully maintain homeostasis?
Rapid reproduction
What role do stem cells play in multicellular organisms?
They are used to make blood for other organisms
Why are cells considered the most numerous type of life on Earth?
They can both be single-celled and part of multicellular organisms
Which statement accurately describes autotrophic unicellular organisms?
They transport water to move salts and need energy to maintain their membrane
What describes the primary difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms in the context of homeostasis?
Unicellular organisms handle all homeostasis functions within one cell
Which process among the following is not directly involved in unicellular homeostasis?
Cellular coordination
Study Notes
Homeostasis and Cells
The Cell as an Organism
- Cells are the basic living unit of all organisms, and sometimes a single cell is the organism.
- Single-celled organisms grow, metabolize, respond to environmental changes, and reproduce to maintain homeostasis.
Autotrophic Organisms
- A unicellular cell needs to find a source of energy to maintain its cell membrane and form.
- Cell division is essential to maintain homeostasis.
Multicellular Life
- In multicellular organisms, cells work together to achieve a common goal, like members of a football team.
- Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized, each with a particular function such as muscle, nerve, or skin cells.
Cell Specialization
- Specialized cells have different roles due to the arrangement of genes within them.
- Red blood cells carry oxygen and have enough iron to do so.
- White blood cells help heal tissue damage.
Specialized Plant Cells
- Plant cells contain chloroplasts, the organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
- Cells in leaves have numerous chloroplasts, while cells in roots have few or none.
Mitochondria in a Mouse
- The percentage of cell volume contributed by mitochondria varies in different organs, such as the heart, brain, and pancreas.
Levels of Organization
- A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
- Tissues form organs, which form organ systems.
- Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
Cellular Communication
- Cells in large organisms communicate through chemical signals passed from cell to cell.
- There are three main ways cells signal: directly through gap junctions, exocytosis of signal molecules, and by a combination of gap junctions.
Explore how single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis. Learn about the importance of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
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