Biology Chapter 8.4: Homeostasis and Cells
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Questions and Answers

What are the three main ways cells signal to each other in large organisms?

  • Gap junctions, exocytosis, and hormone release
  • Direct toxicity, hormone receptors, and gap junctions
  • Exocytosis, gap junctions, and local signaling (correct)
  • Exocytosis, osmosis, and direct stimulus

Which of the following is not a function of cellular signals in multicellular organisms?

  • Causing the cell to change its activities
  • Speeding up cell production
  • Fusing cells together (correct)
  • Slowing down cell production

What is one key function of hormones in cellular communication?

  • Carrying signals from one part of the body to another (correct)
  • Transporting visual information between cells
  • Supplying energy directly to cells
  • Providing rapid information transfer

What is the consequence of the body not having enough energy produced by mitochondria?

<p>The system may fail to function and even die (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gap junctions contribute to cellular communication?

<p>By allowing direct passage of signals between adjacent cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do exocytosis processes play in cellular communication?

<p>They release signal molecules that bind to receptors on other cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major symptom caused by LCHRs (Leigh-like congenital lactic acidosis hereditary recessive disorders)?

<p>Deficiency of mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones differ from other signal molecules in terms of cellular communication?

<p>They typically signal over longer distances and take more time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cells in multicellular organisms?

<p>They are specialized and interdependent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cells specialize within a multicellular organism?

<p>By turning specific genes on or off. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do red blood cells play in the body?

<p>They carry oxygen to and from the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are chloroplasts typically found in a plant?

<p>In the leaves of the plant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of white blood cells?

<p>To assist in healing and protecting tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature do cells in the upper epidermis of some plants have?

<p>They make water-borne flowers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of specialized cells in plants?

<p>Energy storage in roots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the unique function of a specialized cell?

<p>The arrangement of the cells in a multicellular organism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ has the highest percentage of cell volume attributed to mitochondria?

<p>Heart, left ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the organization of cells into tissues, organs, and organ systems benefit a multicellular organism?

<p>It allows the organism to maintain homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are tissues reliant on ATP production adversely affected by defective mitochondria?

<p>Mitochondria are responsible for energy production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization is directly responsible for performing a specific function within multicellular organisms?

<p>Tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you graph the distribution of mitochondria in various organs?

<p>Using bar chart for comparative volume percentage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of tissues in multicellular organisms?

<p>Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a particular function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of having defective mitochondria in heart tissue?

<p>Decreased ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an organ system in the provided example?

<p>Brain, spinal cord, and nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do single-celled organisms maintain homeostasis?

<p>By growing, metabolizing, reacting to environmental changes, and reproducing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a way multicellular cells work together to maintain homeostasis?

<p>Individually searching for energy sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for unicellular organisms to successfully maintain homeostasis?

<p>Rapid reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do stem cells play in multicellular organisms?

<p>They are used to make blood for other organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cells considered the most numerous type of life on Earth?

<p>They can both be single-celled and part of multicellular organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes autotrophic unicellular organisms?

<p>They transport water to move salts and need energy to maintain their membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the primary difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms in the context of homeostasis?

<p>Unicellular organisms handle all homeostasis functions within one cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process among the following is not directly involved in unicellular homeostasis?

<p>Cellular coordination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell signaling methods

Three primary ways cells communicate: exocytosis, gap junctions, local signaling.

Non-function of signals

Fusing cells together is not a cellular signaling function in multicellular organisms.

Hormone function

Hormones carry signals across distances within the body.

Mitochondria energy

Insufficient energy from mitochondria can lead to system failure.

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Gap junctions role

Gap junctions allow direct signal passage between adjacent cells.

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Exocytosis process

Exocytosis releases signal molecules for other cells to receive.

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LCHRs symptoms

Leigh-like congenital lactic acidosis leads to mitochondrial deficiency.

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Hormones vs. other signals

Hormones signal over longer distances and are slower acting.

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Characteristics of multicellular cells

Cells are specialized and interdependent in multicellular organisms.

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Cell specialization

Cells specialize by turning specific genes on or off.

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Red blood cells function

Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body.

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Chloroplast location

Chloroplasts are mostly found in the leaves of plants.

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White blood cells function

White blood cells protect tissues and assist in healing.

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Upper epidermis feature

Some plant upper epidermis cells create water-borne flowers.

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Plant cell function

Energy storage in roots is not a specialized cell's function.

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Cell arrangement role

Cell function is determined by their arrangement in multicellular organisms.

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Heart mitochondria

The heart's left ventricle has the highest percentage of mitochondria.

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Cell organization benefits

Organization into tissues and organs helps maintain homeostasis.

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Defective mitochondria impact

Tissues reliant on ATP suffer from defective mitochondria.

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Tissue function

Tissues are groups of similar cells performing specific functions.

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Consequences of defective mitochondria

Defective mitochondria in heart tissue lead to decreased ATP production.

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Organ system example

An organ system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

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Unicellular homeostasis methods

Unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis via growth, metabolism, response, reproduction.

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Non-collaborative homeostasis

Multicellular organisms do not maintain homeostasis by searching for energy individually.

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Unicellular reproduction

Rapid reproduction is crucial for unicellular organisms' homeostasis.

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Stem cells role

Stem cells generate blood for multicellular organisms.

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Numerous cells on Earth

Cells are the most numerous life forms, existing as single or multicellular organisms.

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Autotrophic unicellular organisms

They transport water to move salts and need energy for membrane maintenance.

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Unicellular vs. multicellular homeostasis

Unicellular organisms handle all homeostasis functions within one cell.

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Uninvolved process in unicellular homeostasis

Cellular coordination is not essential for unicellular homeostasis.

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Study Notes

Homeostasis and Cells

The Cell as an Organism

  • Cells are the basic living unit of all organisms, and sometimes a single cell is the organism.
  • Single-celled organisms grow, metabolize, respond to environmental changes, and reproduce to maintain homeostasis.

Autotrophic Organisms

  • A unicellular cell needs to find a source of energy to maintain its cell membrane and form.
  • Cell division is essential to maintain homeostasis.

Multicellular Life

  • In multicellular organisms, cells work together to achieve a common goal, like members of a football team.
  • Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized, each with a particular function such as muscle, nerve, or skin cells.

Cell Specialization

  • Specialized cells have different roles due to the arrangement of genes within them.
  • Red blood cells carry oxygen and have enough iron to do so.
  • White blood cells help heal tissue damage.

Specialized Plant Cells

  • Plant cells contain chloroplasts, the organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
  • Cells in leaves have numerous chloroplasts, while cells in roots have few or none.

Mitochondria in a Mouse

  • The percentage of cell volume contributed by mitochondria varies in different organs, such as the heart, brain, and pancreas.

Levels of Organization

  • A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
  • Tissues form organs, which form organ systems.
  • Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.

Cellular Communication

  • Cells in large organisms communicate through chemical signals passed from cell to cell.
  • There are three main ways cells signal: directly through gap junctions, exocytosis of signal molecules, and by a combination of gap junctions.

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Explore how single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis. Learn about the importance of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

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