Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the basic unit of all forms of life?
What is the basic unit of all forms of life?
Cell
What do all cells contain?
What do all cells contain?
DNA
What is the fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells?
What is the fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells?
Cell theory
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of ______.
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in ______ things.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in ______ things.
Signup and view all the answers
New cells are produced from existing ______.
New cells are produced from existing ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells, regulating what enters and leaves the cell?
What is the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells, regulating what enters and leaves the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is another name for the cell membrane?
What is another name for the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA?
What structure contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of organism has cells that contain a nucleus?
What type of organism has cells that contain a nucleus?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the functions of eukaryotes?
What are the functions of eukaryotes?
Signup and view all the answers
Give examples of eukaryotes.
Give examples of eukaryotes.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of eukaryote cells?
What are the two types of eukaryote cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Eukaryote cells are ______ than prokaryote cells.
Eukaryote cells are ______ than prokaryote cells.
Signup and view all the answers
What is a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus called?
What is a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus called?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the functions of prokaryotes?
What are the functions of prokaryotes?
Signup and view all the answers
Prokaryote cells are ______ than eukaryote cells.
Prokaryote cells are ______ than eukaryote cells.
Signup and view all the answers
Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.
Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of microscope uses beams of light or electrons to produce magnified images?
What type of microscope uses beams of light or electrons to produce magnified images?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of microscopes?
What are the two types of microscopes?
Signup and view all the answers
The two types of lenses in a compound microscope are ______ and ______.
The two types of lenses in a compound microscope are ______ and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
How many times do light microscopes magnify up to?
How many times do light microscopes magnify up to?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of microscope uses beams of electrons focused by magnetic fields?
What type of microscope uses beams of electrons focused by magnetic fields?
Signup and view all the answers
Electron microscopes examine what?
Electron microscopes examine what?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of electron microscopes?
What are the two types of electron microscopes?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a transmission electron microscope explore?
What does a transmission electron microscope explore?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a scanning electron microscope do?
What does a scanning electron microscope do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a photo of an object seen through a microscope called?
What is a photo of an object seen through a microscope called?
Signup and view all the answers
The cells of multicellular organisms cannot survive ______.
The cells of multicellular organisms cannot survive ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Who was the first to discover cells in 1665?
Who was the first to discover cells in 1665?
Signup and view all the answers
Who first discovered microorganisms by observing pond water in 1665?
Who first discovered microorganisms by observing pond water in 1665?
Signup and view all the answers
Who concluded that all plants are made of living cells in 1838?
Who concluded that all plants are made of living cells in 1838?
Signup and view all the answers
Who stated in 1839 that all animals are made of cells?
Who stated in 1839 that all animals are made of cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Who published the idea that new cells can be produced only from the division of existing cells in 1855?
Who published the idea that new cells can be produced only from the division of existing cells in 1855?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Basics
- Cells are the basic unit of all forms of life, comprising the fundamental structure and function in living organisms.
- All living things contain DNA, which carries genetic information.
Cell Theory
- A key concept in biology:
- All living things are made of cells.
- Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function.
- New cells arise from existing cells.
Cell Structure
- The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds cells and manages entry and exit of substances.
- The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA, crucial for cell regulation and function.
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes are organisms with cells that contain a nucleus, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists, and are generally larger and more complex.
- Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus, example: bacteria; they are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic cells function to support, communicate, move, and produce proteins or other products, whereas prokaryotic cells grow, reproduce, and react to environmental stimuli.
Microscopy
- Microscopes enhance visibility of specimens, using light or electrons to produce magnified images.
- Two main types of microscopes are compound and electron microscopes.
- Light microscopes typically magnify up to 1000 times, while electron microscopes, using electron beams, can explore nonliving cells and tissues in greater detail.
- Electron microscopes come in two varieties:
- Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) produce two-dimensional images and help explore cell structure.
- Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) create three-dimensional images by scanning the specimen's surface.
Historical Contributions
- Robert Hooke (1665) was the first to discover cells by observing cork.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1665) discovered microorganisms through pond water observations.
- Matthias Schleiden (1838) noted that all plants are made of living cells.
- Theodor Schwann (1839) confirmed that all animals are composed of cells.
- Rudolf Virchow (1855) proposed that new cells are formed solely through the division of existing cells.
Multicellular Organisms
- Cells in multicellular organisms cannot survive independently; they rely on one another to function effectively.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Dive into the essentials of life with these flashcards based on Biology Chapter 8. Learn about the basic unit of life, cell theory, and the role of DNA in cells. Perfect for reviewing key concepts in cellular biology.
