Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is G (free energy)?
What is G (free energy)?
Energy available to do work.
__________________________ explain why organisms cannot produce energy but must continuously capture it from somewhere else.
__________________________ explain why organisms cannot produce energy but must continuously capture it from somewhere else.
The laws of thermodynamics
In every energy transaction, some energy is dissipated as ___________.
In every energy transaction, some energy is dissipated as ___________.
heat
In the metabolism of living things, some _____________ occur spontaneously, releasing free energy that is then available to perform work.
In the metabolism of living things, some _____________ occur spontaneously, releasing free energy that is then available to perform work.
What is the energy currency of the cell?
What is the energy currency of the cell?
Energy transfers often occur in cells through _______________ utilizing electron carrier molecules.
Energy transfers often occur in cells through _______________ utilizing electron carrier molecules.
Chemical reactions in organisms are regulated by _____________, substances that lower the amount of energy needed to activate reactions.
Chemical reactions in organisms are regulated by _____________, substances that lower the amount of energy needed to activate reactions.
Match the following: drugs with their effect on enzymes.
Match the following: drugs with their effect on enzymes.
What are the main functions of enzymes?
What are the main functions of enzymes?
Name factors that may affect enzyme activity.
Name factors that may affect enzyme activity.
What does the reaction ATP + H2O ⟶ ADP + P signify?
What does the reaction ATP + H2O ⟶ ADP + P signify?
Compliance with the second law of thermodynamics presumes that:
Compliance with the second law of thermodynamics presumes that:
What is kinetic energy?
What is kinetic energy?
What is chemical energy in molecules?
What is chemical energy in molecules?
Define metabolism.
Define metabolism.
What characterizes an exergonic reaction?
What characterizes an exergonic reaction?
According to the first law of thermodynamics:
According to the first law of thermodynamics:
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
________________________ reactions may use NAD as a hydrogen/electron acceptor.
________________________ reactions may use NAD as a hydrogen/electron acceptor.
What is the energy barrier necessary to start a chemical reaction?
What is the energy barrier necessary to start a chemical reaction?
What is potential energy?
What is potential energy?
Explain what is meant by G (free energy) and relate it to changes in entropy.
Explain what is meant by G (free energy) and relate it to changes in entropy.
Enzymes are inhibited:
Enzymes are inhibited:
Plants convert radiant energy to _________ energy.
Plants convert radiant energy to _________ energy.
________________is the capacity to do work.
________________is the capacity to do work.
_____________________ is 'stored energy'.
_____________________ is 'stored energy'.
Is the energy of motion.
Is the energy of motion.
Thermodynamics is the study of _______________.
Thermodynamics is the study of _______________.
The total energy in the universe does not change. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither ______________ nor ___________ , however, it can be ______________.
The total energy in the universe does not change. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither ______________ nor ___________ , however, it can be ______________.
Study Notes
Energy Concepts
- Free Energy (G): Energy available to perform work.
- First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
- Second Law of Thermodynamics: Energy transformations increase entropy; some energy is lost as heat, leading to more disorder.
Chemical Reactions
- Some chemical reactions occur spontaneously, releasing free energy for work.
- Exergonic Reactions: Release energy, result in negative delta G, considered 'downhill' reactions.
- Redox Reactions: Coupled oxidation and reduction processes that transfer energy stored in electrons; utilize electron carriers like NAD.
Enzyme Functionality
- Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy; coded for by genes.
- Enzyme activity can be influenced by cofactors, temperature, pH, and phosphorylation.
- Enzymes can be inhibited either competitively (by competing for active sites) or non-competitively.
Energy Types
- Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion, enabling work.
- Potential Energy: Stored energy, often found in chemical bonds.
- Chemical Energy: A specific type of potential energy released during chemical reactions.
Metabolism
- Metabolism: The totality of chemical activities in an organism.
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate): Cell's energy currency; undergoes hydrolysis to form ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy.
Thermodynamics in Biology
- Thermodynamics: The study of energy transformations within biological systems.
- Activation Energy: The energy barrier that must be overcome for a reaction to occur.
Plant Energy Conversion
- Plants convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Miscellaneous
- Entropy: A measure of disorder or randomness, which tends to increase in natural processes.
- Energy Measurement: Gibbs free energy (ΔG) helps predict the spontaneity of reactions; a positive ΔG indicates a non-spontaneous reaction.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of free energy and thermodynamics with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 7. Each card presents a term along with its definition, helping you reinforce your understanding of key concepts related to energy in living organisms.
