Biology Chapter 6: Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What are the three types of meristematic tissue and where are they located?

The three types of meristematic tissue are apical, lateral, and intercalary. Apical meristem is at the tips of stems and roots, lateral meristem is along the sides of stems and roots, and intercalary meristem is near the nodes.

How do meristematic cells differ from permanent tissues?

Meristematic cells can divide and are undifferentiated, while permanent tissues are differentiated and have lost the ability to divide.

What specific role does apical meristem play in plant growth?

Apical meristem increases the length of the stem and root, facilitating upward and downward growth.

What happens to the cells of meristematic tissue during differentiation?

They lose their ability to divide and develop into specialized permanent tissues. Signup and view all the answers

How does lateral meristem contribute to the plant's structure?

Lateral meristem, or cambium, increases the girth of the stem or root, supporting the plant's structure. Signup and view all the answers

Why do meristematic tissues typically lack vacuoles?

Meristematic tissues lack vacuoles to maintain their ability to divide, as vacuoles can restrict cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What observation can be made regarding the growth of roots in the onion bulb experiment?

The growth of roots in the jars can be measured daily, demonstrating the effects of meristem activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of intercalary meristem in certain plants?

Intercalary meristem allows for growth at specific locations, such as near the nodes, which can aid in rapid regeneration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tissue and how does it function in multicellular organisms?

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function, allowing multicellular organisms to achieve efficiency in tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plant tissues from animal tissues in terms of structure?

Plant tissues often contain a large amount of supportive tissue with dead cells, while animal tissues primarily consist of living cells organized for movement and metabolic functions. Signup and view all the answers

How do the growth patterns of plants differ from those of animals?

Plants have localized growth in specific regions through meristematic tissues, while animal growth is more uniform and not restricted to specific areas. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of specialized cells in multicellular organisms.

Specialized cells in multicellular organisms perform specific functions, such as muscle contractions for movement or nerve signals for communication. Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the need for supportive tissue in plants?

Plants require supportive tissue to maintain an upright structure and support their stationary existence, which is essential for photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways are the feeding methods of plants and animals reflected in their tissue types?

Plants have tissues adapted for nutrient transport and storage, while animals have various tissues specialized for movement and energy consumption. Signup and view all the answers

Why do animals need living tissues while plants can have significant amounts of dead cells in their supportive tissues?

Animals require living tissues for active processes like movement and metabolism, while many plant supportive tissues can be dead, providing structural support without metabolic needs. Signup and view all the answers

How does tissue specialization enhance the efficiency of multicellular organisms?

Tissue specialization allows groups of similar cells to collaborate on specific tasks, leading to increased efficiency and adaptability in functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main classifications of plant tissues based on their ability to divide?

The two main classifications are meristematic tissue, which continues to divide, and permanent tissue, which has differentiated and does not divide. Signup and view all the answers

How do complex organ systems in animals differ from those in plants?

Complex organ systems in animals are more specialized and localized, reflecting their active lifestyles, while plants have adaptations suitable for their sedentary existence. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tissues Overview

Living organisms consist of cells, with unicellular organisms performing all functions by a single cell, while multicellular organisms feature specialized cells.
Specialization allows cells to efficiently carry out specific functions, leading to tissue formation in multicellular organisms.
Tissues are clustered groups of similar cells working together for a particular function, exemplified by blood, phloem, and muscle tissues.

Comparison of Plant and Animal Tissues

Plants are stationary and require supportive tissues, typically composed of dead cells, to remain upright.
Animals are mobile, consuming more energy and primarily consist of living tissues.
Plant growth is localized to specific regions with dividing tissues (meristematic), contrasting with uniform growth in animals.
Structural organization in complex animals is more specialized than in even the most complex plants, attributed to differing feeding methods and lifestyles.

Plant Tissues

Meristematic Tissue

Found in specific growth regions, meristematic tissue is classified as apical, lateral, and intercalary.
Apical meristems increase the length of stems and roots; lateral meristems increase girth; intercalary meristems are located near nodes.
Meristematic cells are characterized by dense cytoplasm, prominent nuclei, and the absence of vacuoles.

Permanent Tissue

Meristematic cells lose their ability to divide, undergoing differentiation to form permanent tissues.
Permanent tissues maintain specific functions after the differentiation process from meristematic tissue.

Practical Activities

Activity with onion bulbs explores root growth; two bulbs are placed in jars of water, monitoring and comparing root length over several days.
Another activity involves staining a plant cutting and observing cells under a microscope to compare permanent and meristematic tissues.

Observation Questions

Evaluate similarities and differences between cells of permanent tissues and meristematic tissues based on microscopic observations.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of tissues in multicellular organisms. Understand how specialized cells function collectively to sustain life, as opposed to unicellular organisms. This quiz will test your knowledge on the organization and types of tissues.