Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?
- A space station orbiting Earth (correct)
- A parked car
- A book on a shelf
- A rock at the top of a hill
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that ________.
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that ________.
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
Chemical energy is a form of _______ energy.
Chemical energy is a form of _______ energy.
potential
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose to the chemical energy found in ATP?
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose to the chemical energy found in ATP?
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?
Which of these is ATP?
Which of these is ATP?
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
What is the correct label for 'A'?
What is the correct label for 'A'?
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
An enzyme _____
An enzyme _____
Enzymes work by _____
Enzymes work by _____
In general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules?
In general, enzymes are what kinds of molecules?
The function of enzymes is to ____.
The function of enzymes is to ____.
Why does the lock and key analogy fit the linkage between an enzyme and its substrate?
Why does the lock and key analogy fit the linkage between an enzyme and its substrate?
What happens if an enzyme is not functioning in a chemical reaction in a living organism that needs it?
What happens if an enzyme is not functioning in a chemical reaction in a living organism that needs it?
An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following?
An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following?
Which type of enzyme inhibitor binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate?
Which type of enzyme inhibitor binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate?
Competitive inhibition is the inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site.
Competitive inhibition is the inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site.
Coenzyme
Coenzyme
Cofactor
Cofactor
Active site
Active site
Competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Allosteric inhibition
Allosteric inhibition
Denature
Denature
What is the significance of the third phosphate on ATP?
What is the significance of the third phosphate on ATP?
ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O ΔG = +14.6 kcal/mol (+62 kJ/mol) is a true statement under standard conditions.
ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O ΔG = +14.6 kcal/mol (+62 kJ/mol) is a true statement under standard conditions.
Which of the following terms in the Gibbs free energy equation denotes enthalpy?
Which of the following terms in the Gibbs free energy equation denotes enthalpy?
What does ∆H denote in the Gibbs equation?
What does ∆H denote in the Gibbs equation?
Entropy
Entropy
ATP is "recycled" through the reactions of ____.
ATP is "recycled" through the reactions of ____.
∆G values can be used to ____.
∆G values can be used to ____.
Study Notes
Kinetic and Potential Energy
- Kinetic energy is exemplified by a space station orbiting Earth.
- Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in molecules.
Energy Conservation and Chemical Processes
- "Conservation of energy" means energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
- Cellular respiration converts chemical energy in glucose to ATP, releasing by-products like heat, carbon dioxide, and water.
ATP Structure and Function
- ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached to a ribose sugar and adenine base.
- Hydrolysis is the reaction that breaks bonds between phosphate groups in ATP, releasing energy.
- The third phosphate's bond is crucial as its breakage releases significant energy.
Enzymatic Activity
- Energy of activation is necessary for a reaction to occur.
- Enzymes remain unchanged after participating in reactions and are classified as organic catalysts.
- Enzymes reduce the energy of activation to speed up chemical reactions.
Substrates and Active Sites
- Substrates are the reactants in enzymatically catalyzed reactions.
- The active site is a specific region where substrates bind on an enzyme.
Inhibition Mechanisms
- Allosteric inhibitors bind away from the active site, altering the active site's shape and reducing substrate affinity.
- Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with a substrate for binding at the active site.
- Feedback inhibition prevents overproduction of substances by inhibiting the first enzyme in the metabolic pathway.
Cofactors and Coenzymes
- Cofactors are inorganic ions essential for enzyme regulation, such as iron and magnesium.
- Coenzymes are small organic molecules, often vitamins, that enhance enzyme activity.
Thermodynamics in Biochemical Reactions
- ΔG indicates the change in free energy during a reaction, while ΔH denotes the enthalpy change.
- Entropy measures the randomness or disorder within a system.
- ATP is regenerated through the combination of ADP, energy, and inorganic phosphate.
Enzyme Denaturation
- Denaturation alters a substance’s natural properties, potentially rendering enzymes inactive.
Key Concepts on Reactions
- Understanding reaction conditions, such as ΔG values, helps determine the spontaneity of reactions.
- Enzymatic reactions are often influenced by temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on metabolism with these flashcards covering key concepts from Biology Chapter 6. Explore topics like kinetic energy, conservation of energy, and chemical energy. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of metabolic processes.
