Biology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does gametogenesis mean?

the production of eggs and sperm

What are polar bodies?

the cells formed by meiosis in females that are broken down

How many egg cells form from a female germ cell?

In what phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated?

anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

In what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?

anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

What resulted when Mendel crossed a purple-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant?

All the offspring had purple flowers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did not play an important role in developing Mendel's conclusions? (Select one)

Leaf structure in pea plants Signup and view all the answers

What was the advantage of Mendel's working with purebred plants?

Any variations in offspring had to be caused by the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What resulted when Mendel crossed two purple-flowered plants from an F1 generation?

Both purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants appeared in a 3:1 ratio. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of Mendel's conclusions? (Select one)

Homologous chromosomes pair up and then separate during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a person who has two identical alleles at a specific locus?

homozygous Signup and view all the answers

How are a gene and an allele related?

An allele is an alternative form of a gene. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the physical traits of a person?

phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What do the grid boxes in a Punnett square represent?

the possible genotypes of offspring from two parents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gametogenesis and Gametes

Gametogenesis refers to the production of eggs and sperm in organisms.
In females, the process of meiosis results in the formation of one viable egg cell and several polar bodies, which eventually degenerate.

Meiosis Phases

Homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I of meiosis.
Sister chromatids are separated in anaphase II of meiosis.

Mendelian Genetics

A cross between a purple-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produces offspring that all exhibit purple flowers.
Mendel conducted experiments using purebred pea plants, allowing him to isolate the effects of genetic variations due to controlled breeding.

Key Experiments and Results

Crossing two purple-flowered plants from the F1 generation results in a phenotypic ratio of 3:1, showing both purple and white-flowered offspring.
Mendel concluded that the pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes occur during meiosis, which was a key aspect of his findings despite not being one of his initial conclusions.

Genetic Terminology

Homozygous describes an individual with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus.
A gene and an allele are related; alleles are alternative forms of a gene that can exist at a particular locus.
Phenotype refers to the observable physical traits of an organism, which can be influenced by both genetic factors and environmental conditions.

Punnett Squares

The grid boxes in a Punnett square represent the potential genotypes of offspring resulting from the genetic cross between two parents, helping in predicting genetic combinations.

Description

Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 6 of Biology. This quiz focuses on gametogenesis, meiosis, and female germ cell development. Prepare to reinforce your knowledge with essential terms and definitions.