Biology Chapter 6 Flashcards

What does gametogenesis mean?

What are polar bodies?

How many egg cells form from a female germ cell?

In what phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated?

In what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?

What resulted when Mendel crossed a purple-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant?

Which of the following did not play an important role in developing Mendel's conclusions? (Select one)

What was the advantage of Mendel's working with purebred plants?

What resulted when Mendel crossed two purple-flowered plants from an F1 generation?

Which of the following is not one of Mendel's conclusions? (Select one)

What term describes a person who has two identical alleles at a specific locus?

How are a gene and an allele related?

What term describes the physical traits of a person?

What do the grid boxes in a Punnett square represent?

Gametogenesis and Gametes

Gametogenesis refers to the production of eggs and sperm in organisms.
In females, the process of meiosis results in the formation of one viable egg cell and several polar bodies, which eventually degenerate.

Meiosis Phases

Homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I of meiosis.
Sister chromatids are separated in anaphase II of meiosis.

Mendelian Genetics

A cross between a purple-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produces offspring that all exhibit purple flowers.
Mendel conducted experiments using purebred pea plants, allowing him to isolate the effects of genetic variations due to controlled breeding.

Key Experiments and Results

Crossing two purple-flowered plants from the F1 generation results in a phenotypic ratio of 3:1, showing both purple and white-flowered offspring.
Mendel concluded that the pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes occur during meiosis, which was a key aspect of his findings despite not being one of his initial conclusions.

Genetic Terminology

Homozygous describes an individual with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus.
A gene and an allele are related; alleles are alternative forms of a gene that can exist at a particular locus.
Phenotype refers to the observable physical traits of an organism, which can be influenced by both genetic factors and environmental conditions.

Punnett Squares

The grid boxes in a Punnett square represent the potential genotypes of offspring resulting from the genetic cross between two parents, helping in predicting genetic combinations.

Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 6 of Biology. This quiz focuses on gametogenesis, meiosis, and female germ cell development. Prepare to reinforce your knowledge with essential terms and definitions.