Biology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The spread of cancer cells from their site of origin to sites distant in the body is called ________.

metastasis

What is a 'benign' tumor?

A mass of cells that grows out of control but remains at the site of origin

What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next?

The base

Which process results in the creation of mRNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

The base that is not found in DNA, but only in RNA is ________.

uracil Signup and view all the answers

How are DNA and RNA different?

DNA contains the bases A, G, C, and T; RNA contains the bases A, G, C, and U. Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene?

A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins. Signup and view all the answers

If the base sequence of the template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA?

CGGUAAUG Signup and view all the answers

Drag the structures associated with nucleic acids to the appropriate bins:

DNA only = Deoxyribose sugar, Thymine base, Double-stranded RNA only = Ribose sugar, Uracil base, Single-stranded Both DNA and RNA = Nucleotides, Phosphate, Guanine base Signup and view all the answers

What are carcinogens?

Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes ________.

Translate mRNA into proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?

A sugar, a phosphate and a base. Signup and view all the answers

Are there ways to prevent cancer?

Yes, there are many ways cancer can be prevented, including through a healthy diet and exercise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of the DNA molecule?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

If DNA directs the production of RNA, what does RNA make?

RNA makes proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond between two strands of DNA?

A hydrogen bond. Signup and view all the answers

Cancer is ________.

Uncontrolled cell growth. Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters D-N-A stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Signup and view all the answers

According to the base pairing rules of DNA, if the sequence of bases on one strand was AGGCTTA, what would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand?

TCCGAAT Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of treatment for cancer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Flow of Genetic Information

The flow of genetic information involves DNA, transcription to RNA, and translation to proteins.
Transcription converts specific DNA segments into RNA.
Ribosomes are the sites for protein synthesis, translating the mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Cancer Concepts

Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant body locations.
A benign tumor is a mass of uncontrolled cell growth that remains localized.
Carcinogens are agents that cause mutations leading to cancer development.

DNA and RNA Structures

The key difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides is the base; RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
DNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T); RNA has A, G, C, and uracil (U).
RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

Genetic Definitions

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for proteins or portions of proteins.
A nucleotide consists of three components: a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
DNA provides the instructions to make proteins; RNA subsequently synthesizes proteins.

Nucleotide Sequences

If the DNA template strand reads GCCATTAC, the corresponding mRNA sequence is CGGUAAUG.
According to base pairing rules, if one DNA strand reads AGGCTTA, the complementary strand will read TCCGAAT.

Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Cancer prevention strategies include maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical removal of tumors.

Basic DNA Knowledge

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and is integral for genetic information transmission.
Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together.

Ribosomes and Protein Translation

Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins, facilitating the synthesis based on genetic instructions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the flow of genetic information through cells with this flashcard set based on Biology Chapter 6. Engage with the processes and structures involved, and complete the associated diagram and sentences for better understanding.