Questions and Answers
What are the products of cellular respiration?
ATP and CO2
The equation for glucose is _____ + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy.
C6H12O6
During cellular respiration, NADH:
In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is _____
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During what phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?
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Conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds is the result of _____
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The end products of glycolysis include:
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The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the ______ and _________________
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At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in _____
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Photosynthesis occurs in ______ and cellular respiration occurs in ______.
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Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle must occur ___ times per glucose molecule.
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To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by _________________.
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If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest.
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By-products of cellular respiration include _________ and ______.
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The light reactions occur in the ______ while the Calvin cycle occurs in the _____.
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What is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
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Formation of waste products in the form of O2 is part of the ________.
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What is produced during the Calvin cycle?
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______ occurs when carbon and oxygen from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule.
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Sunlight is a type of _____ energy.
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The full range of electromagnetic energy is called the ________ spectrum.
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Why are most plants green?
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Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of oxygen radicals with ______.
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As a result of the cascade of electrons down the electron transport chains of the light reactions, NADPH is oxidized to NADP+.
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___ and _____ play a role in glucose synthesis by plants.
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To produce one glucose, the Calvin cycle needs to be run through ___ times.
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- Products of cellular respiration include ATP and CO2.
- The chemical equation for glucose metabolism: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy.
- NADH plays a key role, delivering electrons to the first electron carrier molecule in the electron transport chain.
- Dehydrogenase is an important enzyme involved in redox reactions in biological systems.
- Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis converts glucose into two three-carbon compounds.
- End products of glycolysis include Acetyl CoA, citric acid, O2, and NADH.
- Glycolysis occurs twice for each glucose molecule.
Citric Acid Cycle
- Enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Most of the energy from glucose is stored in NADH by the end of the citric acid cycle.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, while cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria.
- Light reactions of photosynthesis produce ATP, NADPH, and O2.
- Waste products of light reactions include O2.
Calvin Cycle
- The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma, producing glucose, ADP, and NADP+.
- Carbon fixation incorporates carbon and oxygen from CO2 into an organic molecule.
- The Calvin cycle must run through six times to produce one glucose molecule.
Light Energy and Spectrums
- Sunlight is a type of electromagnetic energy, with the full range referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Most plants are green because chlorophyll reflects green light.
- Carotenoids protect plant cells from the harmful effects of oxygen radicals.
Electron Transport Chain
- NADPH is oxidized to NADP+ during the electron transport processes in light reactions.
- ATP and NADPH are crucial for glucose synthesis in plants.
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Test your understanding of cellular respiration with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 6 and 7 of your biology textbook. Explore essential terms such as ATP production, the glucose equation, and the role of NADH. Perfect for exam preparation!