Biology Chapter 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

  • The cell swells and may burst.
  • The cell maintains its shape.
  • The cell's membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
  • The cell shrinks due to water moving out. (correct)

    • Which statement accurately describes a hypotonic solution?

  • It causes water to move out of the cell.
  • It maintains equal solute concentration across membranes.
  • It results in cell lysis due to water influx. (correct)
  • It has a higher solute concentration than the cell.

    • Osmotic pressure is primarily influenced by which of the following?

  • The mass of the water molecules.
  • Differences in solute concentrations between solutions. (correct)
  • The movement of solutes across the membrane.
  • The size of the cell membrane pores.

    • What is the likely outcome for a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>The cell's membrane pulls away from the cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an isotonic solution, which statement is true?

    <p>The cell's shape remains stable with balanced water movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes catabolic pathways in metabolism?

    <p>They involve the degradation of large molecules generating energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about exergonic reactions is true?

    <p>They lead to a decrease in free energy (ΔG &lt; 0).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Gibbs free energy, what does ΔG = 0 indicate?

    <p>The process is in equilibrium with no net change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about endergonic reactions?

    <p>They require energy input for molecular construction (ΔG &gt; 0).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the transition state in a biochemical reaction?

    <p>It represents the highest energy point during the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nuclear pores?

    <p>To facilitate the passage of substances in and out of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nucleus is primarily responsible for providing structural support?

    <p>Nuclear lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a chromosome's centromere?

    <p>The point that holds sister chromatids together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of genetics, what does a homozygous genotype signify?

    <p>The alleles at a locus are identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the physical manifestation of an organism's genetic traits?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes active transport from passive transport in terms of energy requirement?

    <p>Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

    <p>It aids large molecules in moving down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cellular transport, which statement is correct?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion does not require energy and needs transport proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example correctly corresponds to the type of transport described?

    <p>Gas molecules moving through a biological membrane - Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion requires a transport protein, while simple diffusion does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial product formed during glycolysis from glucose?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic intermediate is crucial for linking glycolysis to the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Krebs Cycle occur within a cell?

    <p>Mitochondrial Matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is characterized by the loss of electrons?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of biological molecules are broken down into monomeric units during cellular respiration?

    <p>Macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes does NOT produce ATP?

    <p>Fatty Acid Synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is primarily involved in the interactions of Acetyl-CoA in intermediary metabolism?

    <p>High-Energy Thioester Bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key role of ATP in cellular respiration?

    <p>To store and provide energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a dominant gene from a recessive gene in terms of expression?

    <p>Dominant genes manifest in both heterozygous and homozygous individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the genetic composition labeled as 'A' for humans?

    <p>23 chromosomes forming an aploid complement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosome shape is best described by having a centromere positioned slightly off-center?

    <p>Submetacentric.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the genotype proportions presented, what is the phenotype proportion for the recessive trait in the given example?

    <p>25%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding chromosome frequencies is accurate based on size classification?

    <p>Chromosomes above size 12 belong to the category of large chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecules are produced from NAD and FAD during the Krebs cycle?

    <p>NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the primary energy molecule associated with the Krebs cycle?

    <p>ATP is not formed directly in the Krebs cycle but is essential for energy transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cell wall structures of bacteria and archaea differ?

    <p>Bacteria possess peptidoglycan and archaea possess pseudomurein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Krebs cycle's reaction products is inaccurate?

    <p>Electron transport directly occurs within the Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the lipid bonding structure of archaea from that of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteria use lipids bonded to glycerol, while archaea use lipids that can form ether links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein play in the cell cycle?

    <p>It inhibits cell division by being inactivated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does Cyclin D expression begin?

    <p>Phase 61</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cyclin is associated with CDK2 during the S phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cyclin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cyclins in the cell cycle?

    <p>To maintain control of the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after the complex of cyclin D and CDK4/6 is formed?

    <p>Rb is phosphorylated and inactivated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histone is not part of the octamer that enwraps DNA in nucleosomes?

    <p>H1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many base pairs of DNA does a nucleosome enclose?

    <p>146</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is composed of approximately 6 nucleosomes?

    <p>Solenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which structural arrangement do nucleosomes first appear?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of DNA structure from least compact to most compact?

    <p>Nucleosomes → Solenoid → Fiber → Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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