Biology Chapter 5 Quiz

Study Notes

Animal Organization

Animals with backbones are called vertebrates.
Animals without backbones are called invertebrates.
Unicellular organisms have one cell (e.g., diatoms).
Multicellular organisms have two or more cells (e.g., dogs).
Cellular differentiation is when cells specialize for specific functions.
Specialized cells perform particular tasks.
Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems form organisms.
Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues.
Epithelial tissue protects against injury.
Muscle tissue enables movement in all animals.
Nervous tissue transmits messages to the brain.
Specialized cells, like blood cells (e.g., carrying oxygen) come from differential cells.

Organ Systems

Five main organ systems in animals are circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous, and digestive.

Gas Exchange in Animals

Human gas exchange: Air enters through the nose/mouth, travels down the trachea to the lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli (where gas exchange occurs).
Alveoli's thin walls facilitate oxygen diffusion into blood cells.
Circulatory system distributes oxygen throughout the body.
Frog gas exchange:
- Skin absorption of water and oxygen can occur in water.
- Frogs can breathe through their mouths (croaking).

Plant Transport

Plants use xylem to transport water and minerals.
Water and minerals absorbed by roots are pushed upward by root pressure, capillary action, and transpiration pull (from water loss through stomata in leaves).

Photosynthesis

Plants (algae, trees, flowers) perform photosynthesis.

Unicellular Organisms (Examples)

Paramecium use cilia for movement and digestion.
Unicellular organisms like Paramecium engulf food by phagocytosis, forming food vacuoles where enzymes break down food for nutrients.

Animal Responses to Environment

Animals respond to environmental changes (e.g., cold → put on a jacket, heat → sweating).
Trees have cells that detect less sunlight (winter) and turn leaves colors in fall.
Chlorophyll reduces to cause leaves to fall; returns in spring for green leaves.

Major Groups of Organisms

Fungi, bacteria, animals, plants, and protists are major organism groups.

Animal Locomotion/Motion

The nervous system and musculoskeletal system work together for animal movement and locomotion.

Description

Test your knowledge on how organisms respond to their environment in this quiz focused on Biology Chapter 5. Explore questions about plant functions, tissue types, and animal responses. Prepare to dive into the fascinating world of biology and the interconnectedness of life forms.