Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a way that organisms respond to their environment?
Which of the following is NOT a way that organisms respond to their environment?
- A rock changing color due to weathering (correct)
- A person putting on a jacket when it's cold
- A tree shedding its leaves in the fall
- A paramecium using cilia to move
How do trees respond to the changing seasons?
How do trees respond to the changing seasons?
- They produce more chlorophyll in the fall to absorb sunlight.
- They increase chlorophyll production in the spring to absorb sunlight.
- They produce more chlorophyll in the winter to absorb sunlight.
- They reduce chlorophyll production in the fall, causing leaves to change color. (correct)
What is the primary function of cilia in Paramecium?
What is the primary function of cilia in Paramecium?
- To capture and engulf prey.
- To reproduce asexually.
- To help the Paramecium move and digest food. (correct)
- To produce enzymes for digestion.
Which of the five major groups of organisms uses phagocytosis to engulf food?
Which of the five major groups of organisms uses phagocytosis to engulf food?
What is the role of the nervous system in vertebrates?
What is the role of the nervous system in vertebrates?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue?
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of events in gas exchange in humans?
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of events in gas exchange in humans?
What is the primary function of the xylem in plants?
What is the primary function of the xylem in plants?
Which of the following is an example of a multicellular organism?
Which of the following is an example of a multicellular organism?
What is the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function called?
What is the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function called?
How do frogs breathe underwater?
How do frogs breathe underwater?
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
Which of the following is a type of tissue that sends messages to the brain?
Which of the following is a type of tissue that sends messages to the brain?
Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants and some organisms convert light into energy.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
A method by which unicellular organisms engulf food using their cell membrane.
Nervous system in vertebrates
Nervous system in vertebrates
The system responsible for sending signals to the brain from the environment.
Environmental response of trees
Environmental response of trees
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Five major groups of organisms
Five major groups of organisms
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Vertebrates
Vertebrates
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Invertebrates
Invertebrates
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Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation
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Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue
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Gas exchange
Gas exchange
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Xylem
Xylem
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Organ systems
Organ systems
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Study Notes
Animal Organization
- Animals with backbones are called vertebrates.
- Animals without backbones are called invertebrates.
- Unicellular organisms have one cell (e.g., diatoms).
- Multicellular organisms have two or more cells (e.g., dogs).
- Cellular differentiation is when cells specialize for specific functions.
- Specialized cells perform particular tasks.
- Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems form organisms.
- Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues.
- Epithelial tissue protects against injury.
- Muscle tissue enables movement in all animals.
- Nervous tissue transmits messages to the brain.
- Specialized cells, like blood cells (e.g., carrying oxygen) come from differential cells.
Organ Systems
- Five main organ systems in animals are circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous, and digestive.
Gas Exchange in Animals
- Human gas exchange: Air enters through the nose/mouth, travels down the trachea to the lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli (where gas exchange occurs).
- Alveoli's thin walls facilitate oxygen diffusion into blood cells.
- Circulatory system distributes oxygen throughout the body.
- Frog gas exchange:
- Skin absorption of water and oxygen can occur in water.
- Frogs can breathe through their mouths (croaking).
Plant Transport
- Plants use xylem to transport water and minerals.
- Water and minerals absorbed by roots are pushed upward by root pressure, capillary action, and transpiration pull (from water loss through stomata in leaves).
Photosynthesis
- Plants (algae, trees, flowers) perform photosynthesis.
Unicellular Organisms (Examples)
- Paramecium use cilia for movement and digestion.
- Unicellular organisms like Paramecium engulf food by phagocytosis, forming food vacuoles where enzymes break down food for nutrients.
Animal Responses to Environment
- Animals respond to environmental changes (e.g., cold → put on a jacket, heat → sweating).
- Trees have cells that detect less sunlight (winter) and turn leaves colors in fall.
- Chlorophyll reduces to cause leaves to fall; returns in spring for green leaves.
Major Groups of Organisms
- Fungi, bacteria, animals, plants, and protists are major organism groups.
Animal Locomotion/Motion
- The nervous system and musculoskeletal system work together for animal movement and locomotion.
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