Questions and Answers
What are the 4 factors that identify how populations grow?
Birthrate, death rate, immigration, and emigration
How do we determine if growth takes place?
By observing how many individuals are added to a population, by immigration or reproduction
How do birthrate, death rate, immigration, and emigration affect growth patterns of a population?
A slow birth rate causes a slow increase in population; a low birthrate with a high death rate causes a drop in population; when the birthrate and immigration equal the death rate and emigration, the population is stable.
What allows exponential growth to take place?
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What is the difference between the density dependent and independent limiting factors?
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How do density dependent factors affect population growth?
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How do density independent factors affect population growth?
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What are some examples of density dependent factors?
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What are some examples of density independent factors?
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Why is it necessary to control introduced species?
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How can non-native species affect ecosystems and why?
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What is Thomas Malthus' prediction of population growth?
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What is demography, and why is it important to use?
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What can cause a population to shrink?
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What causes populations to grow?
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What causes a stable population, or zero population growth?
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What are the 3 patterns of distribution? Give an example for each one.
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What is a population?
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What is age structure graphs?
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What is the carrying capacity?
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How do density dependent limiting factors affect a small, scattered population?
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What kept the human growth rate low before the Industrial Revolution?
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What will reduce competition within a species' population?
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If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, what may happen?
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Human growth has been ______ in the past few hundred years.
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About 500 years ago, the world's population started __________.
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In countries like India, the human population is growing __________.
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Study Notes
Population Growth Factors
- Four main factors: birthrate, death rate, immigration, and emigration influence population growth.
- Population growth occurs when individuals are added through reproduction or immigration.
Growth Patterns
- Slow birth rates lead to minimal population increases; high death rates can result in declines.
- Stability occurs when birth rates and immigration balance with death rates and emigration.
Exponential and Logistic Growth
- Exponential growth thrives under ideal conditions with unlimited resources.
- Logistic growth reflects a slowdown after an exponential increase, due to limiting factors.
Limiting Factors
- Density dependent factors: effects amplify as population density increases (e.g., competition, predation).
- Density independent factors: influence populations regardless of size (e.g., natural disasters).
Population Dynamics
- Density dependent factors help regulate predator-prey dynamics and herbivore-plant relationships.
- Density independent factors may lead to sudden crashes in population sizes.
Species and Ecosystem Balance
- Introduced species can disrupt ecosystems, as local populations may not adapt to new competitors.
- Thomas Malthus predicted that population control would be influenced by war, famine, and disease.
Demography Importance
- Demography studies human populations, providing insights into their characteristics and changes over time.
- Age structure graphs indicate growth potential; a small base suggests less growth potential, while a larger base indicates more.
Population Concepts
- Definition of population: a group of organisms of the same species in a specific area.
- Birthrate refers to the number of births in a population, while death rate is the number of deaths.
Population Stability and Change
- Population stability occurs when birthrate plus immigration equals death rate plus emigration.
- A decline occurs if the death rate surpasses the birth rate.
Environmental Carrying Capacity
- Carrying capacity: the maximum number of individuals an environment can sustainably support.
- Overpopulation beyond carrying capacity can increase death rates.
Human Growth Trends
- Recent centuries have seen exponential human population growth.
- Growth rates have risen substantially since about 500 years ago due to improved living conditions.
Competition and Population Size
- Lowering the number of individuals in a population can reduce intra-species competition.
- Small, scattered populations are less affected by density dependent limiting factors.
Historical Growth Influences
- Human growth was previously low due to harsh conditions, predators, and disease, with recent advancements leading to rapid increases in population.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 5 on populations. Learn about the factors that influence population growth such as birthrate, death rate, immigration, and emigration. Test your knowledge and understanding of how these elements affect population dynamics.