Biology Chapter 5: Cell Organelles
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Questions and Answers

What primary function distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Energy production in the form of ATP
  • Photosynthesis
  • Synthesis of proteins (correct)
  • Detoxification of drugs

Which of the following correctly describes the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  • They synthesize lipids for cellular functions.
  • They protect the cell from external temperature variations.
  • They facilitate photosynthesis using chlorophyll. (correct)
  • They perform cellular respiration to provide ATP.

What is the distinguishing feature of organelles within a cell?

  • They are all involved in energy production.
  • They lack any membrane structure.
  • They are specialized structures with specific functions. (correct)
  • They are only present in plant cells.

Why are plant cells more resistant to environmental changes compared to animal cells?

<p>Animal cells lack cell walls for structural support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential role does mitochondria play in a cell's functionality?

<p>It performs cellular respiration, generating energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the Golgi complex in cells?

<p>Collecting and distributing substances made by the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for breaking down or destroying various materials?

<p>Lysosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plastids from other organelles?

<p>They provide coloration and are present only in plant cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells contain a true nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vacuoles in plant cells?

<p>Storing and breaking down organic materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that surrounds plant cells, providing structural support and protection. It's made primarily of cellulose.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance inside a cell, containing the organelles, where many chemical reactions occur.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, like tiny organs.

Mitochondria

Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

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Chloroplast

Organelles found in plant cells, containing chlorophyll, which captures sunlight for photosynthesis.

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Golgi Complex

A cell organelle responsible for collecting, modifying, and packaging proteins and other molecules for transport within or outside the cell.

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Lysosomes

Small, membrane-bound organelles containing powerful digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, worn-out cell parts, and engulfed bacteria or viruses.

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Vacuoles

Large, fluid-filled sacs in plants that store water, nutrients, and waste products. They also help maintain cell shape and turgor pressure.

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Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA, which carries genetic information and directs all cellular activities.

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Plastids

Organelles found only in plants, responsible for photosynthesis and storing pigments. Chloroplasts are a type of plastid containing chlorophyll that gives plants their green color.

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