Biology Chapter 4: Tissue Types Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are types of tissues? (Select all that apply)

Muscular (correct)

Nervous

Epithelial (correct)

Connective (correct)

What is the primary function of epithelial tissues?

To line cavities or cover surfaces

What are two characteristics of epithelial tissues?

Closely packed together and avascular

Name one function of epithelial tissues.

Protection Signup and view all the answers

What are the layers of epithelial tissues? (Select all that apply)

Pseudostratified Signup and view all the answers

What shape is Squamous epithelial tissue?

Flat and thin Signup and view all the answers

What is the apical surface of epithelial tissue?

An upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ Signup and view all the answers

What type of glands secrete hormones onto cell surfaces?

Endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of connective tissue?

A group of cells that perform a function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are types of muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

Skeletal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurons?

To convert stimuli into a nerve action potential and send it to other cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a holocrine gland?

Releases product upon cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of skin?

Regulates body temperature and protects against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the dermis?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the two regions of the dermis?

Papillary region and reticular region Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of keratinocytes?

To make brown pigment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are components of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue? (Select all that apply)

Cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Tissues

Four primary types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous.

Epithelial Tissues

Lines cavities and covers surfaces.
Characteristics include closely packed cells, continuous layers, an apical surface, avascularity, a nerve supply, and rapid renewal through mitosis.
Functions include protection, filtration, lubrication, secretion, digestion, absorption, transportation, excretion, sensory reception, and reproduction.
Classified by layers: Simple (one layer), Stratified (more than one layer), and Pseudostratified (appears multi-layered).
Cellular shapes include Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cube-shaped), Columnar (elongated), and Transitional (stretchable).

Glandular Epithelium

Specialized to produce and secrete substances.
Two types of glands: Exocrine (secrete through ducts, e.g., sweat glands) and Endocrine (secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, e.g., pituitary gland).
Glands can be unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) or multicellular (e.g., salivary glands).
Functional classifications include Holocrine (release upon cell death), Merocrine (discharge as produced), and Apocrine (release by pinching off).

Connective Tissues

Functions include supporting/protecting organs, binding structures together, storing energy reserves, and providing immunity.
Composed of cells, ground substance, and fibers (matrix).
Matrix can be liquid (blood), solid (bone), or gel-like (cartilage).
Characteristics include a lack of direct cell contact, no apical surface, a nerve supply, and high vascularity.

Types of Connective Tissue

Classifications include Embryonic connective tissue (Mesenchyme and Mucus) and Mature connective tissue (Loose, Dense, Cartilage, Bone, Blood).
Loose connective tissue includes Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular types.
Dense connective tissue categorized into Dense Regular (e.g., tendons) and Dense Irregular (e.g., fascia).
Cartilage types include Hyaline (ends of bones), Fibrocartilage (strong, e.g., intervertebral discs), and Elastic (e.g., ears).

Muscular Tissues

Three types: Skeletal (voluntary, striated, multinucleated), Cardiac (involuntary, striated, central nucleus), and Smooth (involuntary, non-striated).
Skeletal muscle fibers are long and cylindrical with nuclei located at the side.
Cardiac muscle cells are connected end to end by intercalated discs and are autorhythmic.
Smooth muscle cells have a central nucleus and contract as a unit.

Nervous Tissues

Composed of neurons (convert stimuli into nerve impulses) and neuroglial cells (supportive cells).
Neuroglia function includes producing neurotransmitters, maintaining ion balance, and generating cerebrospinal fluid.

Integumentary System Anatomy

Comprises the Epidermis (outer layer, stratified squamous), Dermis (connective tissue), and Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis, fatty tissue).
Epidermis features layers: Stratum Corneum (dead and keratinized), Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin), Stratum Granulosum (dying cells), Stratum Spinosum (9-10 cells thick), and Stratum Basale (stem cells).

Integumentary System Physiology

Regulates temperature through blood flow changes, sweating, and muscle contractions (goosebumps).
Protects against water loss, UV light, and pathogens.
Functions include sensation, excretion, immunity, and vitamin D synthesis.
Coloration is determined by carotene, melanin, and hemoglobin levels.

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Description

Explore the fundamental aspects of tissue types with these flashcards focusing on epithelial, connective, muscular, and skeletal tissues. Learn their functions, characteristics, and importance in the body. Perfect for biology students needing to reinforce their understanding of living fabrics!