Biology Chapter 4: Classification & Origin of Life

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Questions and Answers

Who was the first person to propose a classification system?

Aristotle

Aristotle classified organisms into what two groups?

Protists

Plants (correct)

Fungi

Animals (correct)

Aristotle then divided animals into three groups by how they ____?

move

Scientists who classify organisms are ____?

taxonomists Signup and view all the answers

Linnaeus classified organisms according to similarities in _ and __?

form and structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest classification group?

kingdom Signup and view all the answers

Organisms of the same ____ can interbreed?

species Signup and view all the answers

What group represents the earliest ancestors and the most ancient branches of life?

kingdom Signup and view all the answers

The Genus can be divided further into ____?

species Signup and view all the answers

What are the seven classification groups from largest to smallest?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species Signup and view all the answers

What are the five kingdoms of classification?

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdoms contain unicellular organisms?

Monera Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom has no nuclei?

Monera Signup and view all the answers

Fungi were once thought to belong to what kingdom?

Plant Signup and view all the answers

Monerans are also known as ____?

bacteria Signup and view all the answers

____ consist of only one cell.

unicellular Signup and view all the answers

Plants that make their own food are ____?

autotrophs Signup and view all the answers

Animals that cannot make their own food are ____?

heterotrophs Signup and view all the answers

The two-part naming system is called ?

binomial nomenclature Signup and view all the answers

The two-part naming system was devised by whom?

Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

The idea that a fraction of a second after the universe was born, it was already beginning to expand; started out the size of a marble is known as the ?

Big Bang theory Signup and view all the answers

Organisms found in the animalia kingdom?

consumers (animals) Signup and view all the answers

Organisms found in the archaea kingdom?

archaea Signup and view all the answers

Organisms found in the bacteria kingdom?

single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria) Signup and view all the answers

Organisms found in the fungi kingdom?

decomposers (mold, fungi, etc.) Signup and view all the answers

Organisms found in the plantae kingdom?

producers (plants) Signup and view all the answers

Organisms found in the protista kingdom?

single-celled eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Scientific names include information about ____ and species.

genus Signup and view all the answers

Scientific names are written in ____ or underlined, genus is capitalized.

italics Signup and view all the answers

Gases present before the origin of life are?

Methane Signup and view all the answers

____ is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

taxonomy Signup and view all the answers

____ indicate that related organisms will share similarities derived from a common ancestor.

homologies Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of animalia include?

eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of archaea include?

single-celled prokaryotic, unicellular, auto/heterotroph, decomposers Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of bacteria include?

prokaryotic, unicellular, auto/ heterotroph Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of fungi include?

eukaryotic, mostly multicellular, heterotrophic, often decomposers (mushroom, mold, etc.) Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of plantae include?

eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic (produce food through photosynthesis) Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of protista include?

eukaryotic not grouped in other kingdoms, unicellular or multicellular, can be decomposers, consumers or producers (amoeba) Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined from examining fossil skulls?

what animals these animals are ancestors of Signup and view all the answers

Phylum is for ____, and division is the plant equivalent.

animals Signup and view all the answers

Stanley Miller Urey mixed what three gases?

ammonia, methane, hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification System

Aristotle proposed the first classification system.
Organisms were classified into two main groups: plants and animals.
Animals were subdivided based on movement.

Taxonomy and Classification

Taxonomists are scientists who classify organisms.
Linnaeus classified organisms based on their form and structure.
The largest classification group is the Kingdom.
Organisms of the same species can interbreed.

Origin of Life

The earliest ancestors and most ancient branches of life are represented by kingdoms.
The genus can be further divided into species.

Classification Hierarchy

The seven classification groups, from largest to smallest, are: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
The five kingdoms of classification are: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera.

Unicellular Organisms

Monera and Protista are kingdoms that contain unicellular organisms.
Monera is characterized by the absence of nuclei.
Monerans are also known as bacteria.

Characteristics of Organisms

Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell.
Autotrophs are plants that produce their own food.
Heterotrophs are animals that cannot make their own food.

Binomial Nomenclature

The two-part naming system is called Binomial Nomenclature, devised by Linnaeus.
Scientific names include the genus and species, and are written in italics with the genus capitalized.

Gases Preceding Life

Gases present before the origin of life included nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, methane, ammonia, water vapor, and carbon dioxide.

Taxonomy Science

Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
Homologies indicate that related organisms share similarities from a common ancestor.

Characteristics by Kingdom

Animalia: Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic (consumers).
Archaea: Single-celled prokaryotic, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, often decomposers.
Bacteria: Prokaryotic, unicellular, can also be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Fungi: Eukaryotic, mostly multicellular, heterotrophic, primarily decomposers.
Plantae: Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic (photosynthesis).
Protista: Eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, can be decomposers, consumers, or producers.

Fossil Evidence

Examination of fossil skulls can help determine ancestral lineages of animals.

Classification Terms

Phylum is utilized for animals, while division is the plant equivalent.

Miller-Urey Experiment

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey mixed ammonia, methane, and other gases in their experiment related to the conditions of early Earth.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification and origin of life with these flashcards. From Aristotle's early classification system to the role of taxonomists, this quiz covers the fundamentals of biological classification. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of taxonomy.