Biology Chapter 4: Carbon Diversity

<p>Organic compounds can synthesize abiotically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are relatively uniform among organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the same plane as the carbons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diversity of organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of covalent bonds it can form (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atom's electron configuration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have different covalent arrangements of their atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitro group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are mirror images of each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cis-trans isomerism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical groups attached to the rings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consist only of carbon and hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy transfer molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that release large amounts of energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon can create long chains and diverse structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetic acid and methyl acetate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily responsible for chemical reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It underlies biological diversity on Earth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carbon skeleton and attached chemical groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form, typically equal to the number of unpaired electrons in its valence shell.

Carbon frequently forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Chains of carbon atoms, forming the backbone of most organic molecules.

Carbon skeletons vary by length, branching, and the presence of rings, leading to a vast diversity of organic molecules.

Organic molecules composed solely of carbon and hydrogen.

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties.

Isomers that differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms.

Isomers that have the same covalent bonds but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, due to restricted rotation around a double bond.

The study of compounds containing carbon, regardless of their origin. This field encompasses a vast array of molecules ranging in complexity from simple to colossal.

The formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules without the involvement of living organisms. This process is thought to have played a crucial role in the origin of life on Earth.

A groundbreaking experiment that demonstrated the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic molecules. The simulation of early Earth conditions provided evidence for the possibility of life's spontaneous origin.

Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds with various atoms. This capability is essential for building large, complex molecules, forming the basis of life's diverse structures.

When a carbon atom forms four single bonds with other atoms, the arrangement of these bonds results in a tetrahedral geometry. This specific three-dimensional structure influences the shape and properties of organic molecules.

A covalent bond where two pairs of electrons are shared between two carbon atoms. This stronger bond influences the shape of molecules, leading to a planar arrangement of atoms around the double bond.

The ability of carbon to form a vast array of diverse molecules is a key factor in the complexity and diversity of life on Earth. Its bonding properties allow for the creation of molecules with unique shapes, sizes, and functions.

The arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels. This determines the chemical reactivity of an atom and the types of bonds it can form with other atoms.

Molecules that are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed. They have the same chemical formula but different spatial arrangements of atoms.

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for characteristic chemical reactions. They determine the molecule's properties and behavior.

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (OH). It is found in alcohols and sugars.

A functional group containing a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). Found in aldehydes and ketones.

A functional group containing a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (COOH). Found in fatty acids and amino acids.

A functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (NH2). Found in amino acids and proteins.

A functional group containing a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (SH). Found in cysteine and other molecules important in protein structure.

A functional group containing a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (PO4). Found in ATP and nucleic acids.