Questions and Answers
What is a cellular waste product that comes from the breakdown of amino acids?
Ammonia
What does the excretory system try to restore in an organism?
Homeostasis
What structures in segmented worms are responsible for excretion?
Nephridia
What is the general topic of this puzzle or the process of removing waste from an animal?
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What is the action where nutrients and water are put back into the bloodstream?
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What organ in humans is responsible for the ureter?
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What is the filtering unit of the kidney?
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What blood vessel carries blood to the kidney?
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What blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the kidney?
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What area of the kidney where the collecting duct deposits urine?
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What is the last portion of the nephron where final water movement into the blood can occur?
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What waste ultimately exits humans through the urethra?
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What portion of the excretory system carries urine?
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What is the active removal of additional waste from the blood by nephron?
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What is the passage that connects the kidney to the bladder?
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What is the storage chamber that collects urine from the ureter?
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What part of the kidney would you find the loop of Henle?
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What capillary leaks out material to be filtered by the nephron?
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What part of nephron is between the proximal tubule and distal tubule?
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What material is produced by the hypothalamus to help control water regulation?
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What portion of nephron collects material from glomerulus?
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What material is produced by the liver to remove ammonia from the body?
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What part of nephron is between the loop of Henle and collecting duct?
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What is the outermost part of the kidney?
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What is the general function of both nephridia and nephron?
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What is the general shape of most nephridia and nephron?
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Study Notes
Excretory System Overview
- Excretion is the process of removing waste materials from an organism.
- Homeostasis refers to the balance the excretory system seeks to maintain within the body.
Key Structures
- Nephridia are specialized structures in segmented worms responsible for excretion.
- The nephron is the fundamental filtering unit of the kidney, crucial for waste removal.
- Glomerulus is a capillary network that filters blood in the nephron.
Kidney Functions
- Kidneys are the primary organs for urine production and excretion in humans.
- The renal artery supplies blood to the kidneys, while the renal vein carries filtered blood away.
- The renal pelvis is an area in the kidney where urine collects before moving to the ureter.
Urinary Pathway
- Urine exits the body through the urethra, which carries it from the bladder.
- The ureter connects the kidneys to the bladder, facilitating urine transport.
- The bladder is a storage chamber that collects urine from the ureters.
Nephron Components
- Bowman's Capsule collects filtrate from the glomerulus, initiating the filtering process.
- The proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, and distal tubule are segments of the nephron that process urine.
- The collecting duct is the final nephron segment where water reabsorption can occur.
Waste Management
- Urea is formed in the liver to detoxify ammonia, a toxic byproduct of amino acid breakdown.
- Tubular reabsorption retrieves nutrients and water from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.
- Tubular secretion actively transports additional waste from blood into the nephron.
Additional Hormonal Regulation
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and regulates water retention in the kidneys.
Kidney Anatomy
- The renal medulla contains structures like the Loop of Henle and is important for urine concentration.
- The renal cortex is the outermost layer of the kidney, housing the nephron's filtering components.
Functional Similarities
- Both nephridia (in worms) and nephrons (in mammals) primarily function in the filtration and removal of waste products from the body.
- Tubule structure is a common characteristic of both nephridia and nephrons, aiding in the efficient processing of waste.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the excretory system with these crossword flashcards from Chapter 36. Dive into terms related to cellular waste products, homeostasis, and structures like nephridia involved in excretion. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their learning.
