Biology Chapter 3.3 - Energy Flow Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Complete the table about feeding relationships.

N/A

What is a food chain?

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

What is a food web?

A feeding relationship that is much more complicated than the relationship described in a single, simple chain.

Draw arrows between the organisms to show how energy moves through this food chain. Write producer, herbivore, or carnivore under each organism.

<p>N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of the following organisms: squid, shrimp, shark?

<p>Squid = Carnivore, Shrimp = Herbivore, Shark = Carnivore</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does energy flow through this food chain?

<p>The producers produce energy, smaller herbivores eat them, and then carnivores eat those herbivores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to this food chain if a disturbance caused a serious decline in the shark population?

<p>The fish population would increase, causing the shrimp population to decrease, which would then lead to an increase in the algae population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does energy play in the ecosystem diagram?

<p>Decomposers break down dead and decaying matter and release nutrients that can be reused by primary producers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Primary consumers always make up the first trophic level in a food web.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecological pyramids show the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food web.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

On average, about 50 percent of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The more levels that exist between a producer and a given consumer, the larger the percentage of the original energy from producers is available to that consumer.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is algae classified as?

<p>Primary producer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a grasshopper classified as?

<p>First-level consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is marsh grass classified as?

<p>Primary producer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a marsh hawk classified as?

<p>Third-level consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plankton-eating fish classified as?

<p>Second-level consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ribbed mussel classified as?

<p>First-level consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is shrew classified as?

<p>Second-level consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is zooplankton classified as?

<p>First-level consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete the energy pyramid by writing the source of the energy for the food web and how much energy is available to first, second, and third-level consumers.

<p>N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source in ecosystems?

<p>Light energy or chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy do first-level consumers receive?

<p>10%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy do second-level consumers receive?

<p>1%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy do third-level consumers receive?

<p>0.1%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pyramid of _____ illustrates the relative amount of living organic matter available at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

<p>biomass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pyramid of _____ shows the relative numbers of individual organisms at the trophic levels in an ecosystem.

<p>ecology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pyramid of _____ shows the relative amounts of energy available at the trophic levels of a food chain or food web.

<p>energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ecological pyramid best traces the flow of matter through an ecosystem?

<p>A pyramid of biomass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Feeding Relationships

  • Food chains depict the linear transfer of energy from one organism to another through consumption.
  • Food webs illustrate complex interactions among multiple food chains, showcasing a network of feeding relationships.

Energy Flow in Food Chains

  • Energy flow begins with producers, who convert light or chemical energy into usable forms.
  • Consumers—herbivores and carnivores—derive their energy by eating producers or other consumers, respectively.
  • Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead organisms, facilitating nutrient availability for primary producers.

Impact of Disturbances

  • A decline in predator populations (e.g., sharks) can lead to overpopulation of prey species (e.g., fish), resulting in decreased populations of their food sources (e.g., shrimp and algae).

Trophic Levels and Energy Transfer

  • Primary consumers are confirmed to be the first in any food web.
  • Ecological pyramids represent energy amounts or biomass at each trophic level.
  • Only about 10% of energy from one trophic level is passed to the next, with diminishing returns as you move up levels (e.g., 10% to first-level consumers, 1% to second-level, 0.1% to third-level).

Types of Ecological Pyramids

  • Pyramid of biomass displays the amount of living organic material at each trophic level.
  • Pyramid of numbers depicts the number of individual organisms existing at each level.
  • Pyramid of energy shows the flow and quantities of energy available at different levels, indicating inefficiencies in energy transfer.

Key Organisms in Ecosystems

  • Algae and marsh grass serve as primary producers.
  • Grasshoppers, ribbed mussels, zooplankton, and shrews are identified as first and second-level consumers.
  • Marsh hawks are classified as third-level consumers, indicating their position as predators in the ecosystem.

Energy Sources

  • Primary energy sources include light (solar) and chemical energy, fundamental for the sustenance of ecosystems.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Biology Chapter 3.3 regarding energy flow in ecosystems. Flashcards include terms such as food chains and food webs, along with their definitions. Test your understanding of how organisms are interconnected in feeding relationships.

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