Biology Chapter 3.1 Flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Theory

Defines cells as the fundamental structural and functional unit of life.
Organism activities rely on both individual and collective cell functions.
The structure and function of cells complement each other; their biochemical activities are influenced by shape and organelle quantity.
New cells originate only from pre-existing cells.

The Cell

Recognized as the smallest unit of life.

Cell Types

Significant variability in the shape, size, function, and lifespan of cells.

Types of Specific Cells

Fibroblasts, Erythrocytes, Epithelial Cells: Connect body parts, form linings, and transport gases.
Skeletal Muscle and Smooth Muscle Cells: Facilitate movement of organs and body parts.
Fat Cells: Specialized in nutrient storage.
Macrophages: Play a role in disease defense.
Nerve Cells: Responsible for gathering information and controlling body functions.

Generalized Cell Structure

Plasma Membrane: Selectively permeable outer boundary of the cell.
Cytoplasm: Fluid within the cell containing organelles that perform specific functions.
Nucleus: Central organelle that regulates cellular activities.

Organelles

Small structures within cells with designated functions.

Extracellular Materials

Includes substances outside cells contributing to body mass, such as body fluids, secretions, and extracellular matrix.

Types of Extracellular Fluids

Body Fluids: Encompass interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid, serving essential transport roles.
Interstitial Fluid: Bathes cells, provides necessary nutrients like amino acids and fatty acids, crucial for cellular health.
Cellular Secretions: Materials aiding digestion and providing lubrication (e.g., saliva, mucus).

Extracellular Matrix

Dominant extracellular material acting as the "cell glue," particularly found in connective tissues.

Plasma Membrane Functions

Outer membrane that delineates intracellular from extracellular fluid, integral to cell activity.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Describes plasma membrane structure as a lipid bilayer with proteins creating a dynamic mosaic pattern.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory through this flashcard quiz. Each card highlights essential definitions and principles regarding the structure and function of cells, making it an ideal study tool for biology students.