Biology Chapter 3.1 Notes

Key Figures in Cell Biology

• Robert Hooke, a philosopher during the scientific revolution, is known as the "Father of Microscopy" for his contributions to the microscope's development.
• Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing cork cells, linking them to a monk's room in a monastery.
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek enhanced microscope technology and is regarded as the "Father of Microbiology"; he was the first to discover microorganisms, which he referred to as "animalcules."

Cell Theory

• Developed by scientists Schleiden and Schwann, the Cell Theory presents three fundamental principles:
  • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
  • New cells arise only from pre-existing living cells.
  • The cell is the basic unit of life.

Characteristics of Cells

• Cells exhibit certain common characteristics:
  • Generally microscopic in size.
  • Enclosed by a cell membrane.
  • Contains cytoplasm.
• Two main types of cells exist:
  • Eukaryotic cells, which contain a nucleus.
  • Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic Cells: Complex cells featuring a nucleus, organelles, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
• Prokaryotic Cells: Simpler cells lacking a nucleus; consist of only a cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Internal Structures of Cells

• Cells possess various internal structures essential for function:
  • The cytoskeleton is critical for:
    • Supporting and shaping cells.
    • Positioning and transporting organelles.
    • Providing structural strength.
    • Assisting in cell division.
    • Facilitating cell movement.