Questions and Answers
Which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
Which statement best describes strand characteristics as it relates to DNA replication?
The leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces.
During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the original or parental DNA strand?
T
Which protein joins together the Okazaki fragments of the DNA lagging strand?
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DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand.
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During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication occur?
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When a double helix of DNA is replicated, what are the two complete helices called?
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids move apart?
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During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear?
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During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?
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What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?
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Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase?
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Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis?
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During which phase does DNA replication occur?
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During which phase does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?
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Which of the following events occurs during transcription?
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Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA?
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What is the site of translation?
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DNA plays a role in translation.
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MRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome during RNA processing.
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Match the stage of interphase with the event that occurs.
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DNA is replicated during which subphase of interphase?
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Match the stage of interphase with the event that occurs: The cell is metabolically active, synthesizing proteins, and growing rapidly.
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Which nucleic acid is involved in transcription but not translation?
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Which of the following concerning the nuclear envelope is particularly important in mitosis?
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The mRNA start codon AUG matches up with a tRNA anticodon.
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Match the form of tRNA with its function.
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Match the stage of mitosis with the event(s) that occur(s): prophase.
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Match the form of RNA with its function: mRNA.
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Match the stage of the cell cycle with the events that occur: cytokinesis.
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Match the form of RNA with its function: rRNA.
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Study Notes
DNA Replication
- DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides one at a time.
- The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is formed in segments known as Okazaki fragments.
- DNA ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
- Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) during DNA replication.
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.
- Sister chromatids are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome formed during replication.
- Key phases of mitosis include:
- Metaphase: Sister chromatids align at the cell's center.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear as the cell prepares to divide.
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
Cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm into two daughter cells following mitosis.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
- Transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) transports genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after RNA processing.
- The translation process occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm, utilizing mRNA and transfer RNA (tRNA).
- mRNA codon AUG pairs with tRNA anticodon UAC to initiate protein synthesis.
- tRNA decodes mRNA and delivers the corresponding amino acids to ribosomes for polypeptide formation.
Interphase and its Phases
- Interphase consists of three stages: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
- During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
RNA Processing
- RNA processing involves modifications to mRNA before it leaves the nucleus, but does not include the attachment of mRNA to ribosomes.
Forms of RNA
- tRNA uses an anticodon to match and deliver amino acids to the ribosome.
- mRNA carries genetic instructions for protein synthesis.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, aiding in protein synthesis.
Mitosis Importance
- The nuclear envelope plays a critical role during mitosis, regulating the transport of genetic material.
Phases of Mitosis in Sequence
- Correct order of mitosis phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Biology Chapter 3 with these flashcards. Focus on DNA replication and the role of enzymes like DNA polymerase. Dive into definitions and descriptions that clarify critical terms and processes.
