Biology Chapter 2.3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

How is the DNA structured?

DNA is structured like a twisted ladder.

What is a nucleotide?

A nucleotide is composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base molecule.

What are the two sides of the DNA ladder made of?

The two sides are made of sugar and phosphate molecules joined to each other.

What are the rings made of?

<p>The rungs are made of pairs of nitrogenous bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do adenine and thymine pair up?

<p>Adenine can only pair up with thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA's genetic code?

<p>DNA has a four-character code: A, T, C, and G.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are amino acids?

<p>Amino acids are small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene?

<p>A gene is a short section of DNA that contains the instructions to make a specific protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's a genome?

<p>All of an organism's genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA stand for?

<p>RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA has two strands.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA Structure

  • DNA resembles a twisted ladder, known as the double helix structure.
  • Composed of two strands made of smaller units called nucleotides.

Nucleotide

  • A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
  • The four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Sides of the DNA Ladder

  • The "sides" of the ladder are formed by alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.

Rungs of the Ladder

  • The "rungs" consist of pairs of nitrogenous bases linking the two strands together.
  • Base pairs include adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine.

Genetic Code

  • DNA encodes information using a four-character system: A, T, C, G.
  • Sequences of three nitrogenous bases form "three-letter words," which each code for one of the 20 different amino acids.

Amino Acids

  • Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins.
  • Various combinations of amino acids result in different proteins, which in turn determine the traits of organisms.

Gene

  • A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains instructions for synthesizing a particular protein.

Genome

  • The genome of an organism is the complete set of its genes.

RNA

  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is structurally similar to DNA but consists of a single strand, while DNA has two strands.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on the structure of DNA and nucleotides. This quiz highlights important definitions and concepts essential for understanding molecular biology. Perfect for students studying genetics and related topics.

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