Biology Chapter 20: The Heart
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Questions and Answers

Where is the heart located?

  • Pericardial cavity
  • Mediastinum, which is located in the thoracic cavity (correct)
  • Thoracic cavity, which is located in the mediastinum
  • Mediastinum of the peritoneum

    • What is the function of the pericardial fluid?

  • Replace any blood that is lost
  • Provide structural support to the pericardium
  • Lubricate the heart valves
  • Reduce friction between the pericardial membranes (correct)

    • Which layer forms the bulk of the heart wall?

  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium (correct)
  • Endocardium
  • Pericardium

    • Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to which part of the heart?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Pulmonary semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles?

    <p>Chordae tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from diminished myocardial blood flow, leading to the death of myocardial cells?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the skeleton of the heart?

    <p>Anchor cardiac muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

    <p>Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period called when the myocardium is insensitive to further stimulation?

    <p>absolute refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal electrocardiogram, which statement about the QRS complex is correct?

    <p>QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave of an ECG indicate?

    <p>atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular:

    <p>systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac cycle, which statement is true?

    <p>the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the:

    <p>aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is referred to as the:

    <p>stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries blood from the left ventricle?

    <p>aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circulation does the right side of the heart facilitate?

    <p>pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the papillary muscles during heart contraction?

    <p>prevent the AV valves from protruding into the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the superior vena cava will enter which chamber of the heart?

    <p>right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which chamber does blood flow directly into the pulmonary trunk?

    <p>right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart chamber is correctly associated with its entering or exiting blood vessel?

    <p>right ventricle - pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is known as the 'pacemaker' of the heart?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to action potentials at the AV node?

    <p>atria to complete their contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between arteries and veins?

    <p>Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vasa vasorum responsible for?

    <p>Supplying nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the blood vessel wall are sympathetic nerve fibers primarily found?

    <p>Tunica media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteriosclerosis is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Loss of elasticity in the tunica media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence of arteries forms a continuum in the upper limb?

    <p>Subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery sends branches to both the stomach and liver?

    <p>Celiac artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches directly from the aortic arch?

    <p>Brachiocephalic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of the spleen?

    <p>The spleen can act as a blood reservoir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessels are formed when the abdominal aorta divides at L5?

    <p>Common iliac arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes innate immunity?

    <p>Each exposure yields the same immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of complement proteins?

    <p>They can form pores in the plasma membrane of target cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance serves as a surface chemical that inhibits microbial growth?

    <p>Sebum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interferon in the immune system?

    <p>It protects the body against viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs accurately identifies the two major types of phagocytic cells?

    <p>Neutrophils and macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first cell type that typically migrates from the blood to an infection site?

    <p>Neutrophil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily responsible for promoting increased capillary permeability during inflammation?

    <p>Histamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event occurs because of the low pH of the stomach?

    <p>Proper environment for functioning of pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the enterogastric reflex?

    <p>Distention of the duodenal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the semiliquid mixture formed in the stomach called?

    <p>Chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pyloric pump?

    <p>Move chyme through a partially closed pyloric opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are secreted by the small intestine?

    <p>Disaccharidases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the villi, microvilli, and plicae circularis in the intestine?

    <p>Increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gallbladder serves what function in the digestive system?

    <p>Stores bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would digestion primarily be affected by damage to the liver?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 20: The Heart

    • The heart is located in the mediastinum, within the thoracic cavity.
    • The pericardial cavity is between the visceral and parietal pericardium.
    • Pericardial fluid reduces friction between the pericardial membranes.
    • Another name for the visceral pericardium is the epicardium.
    • The myocardium forms the bulk of the heart wall.
    • Blood vessels enter and exit the heart at the base.
    • The coronary sulcus divides the atria and ventricles.

    Additional Information

    • Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the left atrium.
    • All cardiac veins empty into the coronary sinus.
    • Coronary artery disease results in myocardial death, known as myocardial infarction.
    • The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the pulmonary semilunar valve.
    • Chordae tendineae connect the flaps of the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the papillary muscles.
    • The skeleton of the heart anchors cardiac muscle fibers and prevents the backflow of blood.
    • The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle.

    Chapter 21: Blood Vessels and Circulation

    • The lining of a capillary is called the endothelium.
    • Blood vessels carry blood under high pressure, with arteries having a thicker tunica media compared to veins.
    • Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries.
    • Veins have valves to prevent backflow.

    Chapter 22: Lymphatic System

    • Lymph capillaries are found in many tissues, except the central nervous system.
    • Lymph vessels are similar to veins in structure.
    • Lymph movement aids from muscle contraction and respiratory pressure changes.
    • The lymphatic system is crucial for fluid balance.

    Chapter 23: Respiration

    • Gas exchange between the lungs and blood, and blood and tissues happens in the alveoli.
    • The pharynx is in the upper respiratory tract, along with the larynx.
    • Ventilation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

    Chapter 24: Digestive System

    • The stomach is part of the digestive tract.
    • Mastication breaks down food.
    • The large intestine is responsible for mass movements.

    Chapter 25-26: Digestive System Details

    • Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
    • Hepatocytes are liver cells that have various functions.
    • The pancreas secretes various enzymes.
    • The pyloric pump moves chyme.
    • The longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in large intestines are called the teniae coli.
    • Cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction.
    • Most nutrient absorption occurs in the duodenum and jejunum.
    • The digestive juice with enzymes for all major food groups is pancreatic.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts about the heart from Chapter 20. It includes topics such as heart anatomy, pericardial structures, blood flow, and common heart conditions. Test your understanding of the heart's structure and function with this comprehensive quiz.

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